Therefore, brownfield redevelopment practices pose high risks to human health and the environment [48,59]. It was estimated in 2014 that there are about 4. Brownfields? Purchasing a greenfield vs. S/4HANAを新規でスクラッチ導入し、そこに既存データをマイグレーションする方法。 Brownfieldとは Read More You would also like to see a breakdown of total outstanding fees and arrears. Only two decades ago, this wasn’t such a hard decision. Which standard pattern of cloud migration describes this scenario? Select the correct answer. Nandy, Cecchetti and former IBS senior administrative dean Kate Salop have formed Cleanfield Capital to purchase and facilitate the redevelopment of brownfields. S. The Institute’s case studies demonstrate a fundamental lesson: to be economically viable, brownfield projects often require financial assistance from the public sector – especially local governments. ”. CBN’s membership consists of developers. It will be receiving an estimated $3. The expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of the property is complicated because the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, a contaminant, petroleum, or a petroleum product poses a risk to human. , 2012). This will impose some constraints and requirements that will limit design and implementation. Trees Atlanta Inc. Augustine and Ocala. Which standard pattern of. ”. 0:00 / 10:22 Greenfield vs Brownfield Project & Investment Asset Yogi 3. -----. . 30K views, 517 likes, 40 loves, 270 comments, 40 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Brownfield Auto Auction: VIDEO #2 Estamos en vivo desde Oakland Ca. Tech Deep dive: What it takes to deploy Prosimo in a brownfield environment. Marie. 5% over China’s Second National Land Survey. What kind of architecture should he use for the applications he develops, and why. Nonlegal investments are typically securities. Lucas and Miner said they believed about 60% of brownfield developments were done by companies and that roughly 40% were conducted by public entities. 273 Merrill Corner Rd, Brownfield, ME 04010 View this property at 273 Merrill Corner Rd, Brownfield, ME 04010 273 Merrill Corner Rd Brownfield ME 04010 Use previous and next buttons to navigateBrownfield development involves an inherent understanding of a product’s behavior. In contrast, a brownfield deployment is an upgrade or addition to existing infrastructure using legacy components. The guide outlines the full spectrum of services and resources available for the often complex steps involved in redeveloping brownfield properties. e. A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to development. Strengthening the governance and redevelopment of brownfields is significant to environmental protection, high-quality urban development and sustainable development. The legacy application is only retired after the new application is built. Brownfields are also oftenStay Smart in Brownfield, TX at Our Hotel. More recently, planning scholars have started to research considering financial risk relative to brownfield or. Brownfield is more than just a city in West Texas; it is a vibrant, ambitious community of family-oriented, hard-working folks who want to grow. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines brownfield as “A brownfield is a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of. The IT world is a complex space and companies may not have the money to completely replace all of their systems. 1. The brownfield approach is typically for organisations that wish to preserve some of their custom environments and whose business models have not evolved significantly. in. To produce or contrive by the use of ingenuity or imagination. Brownfield development can be used for low-risk category of applications whereas Greenfield is a choice for high-risk category of applications. Brownfields are also oftenAMPO 2001, p. 17. This Brownfield Development Guide draws on DEP’s experience in cleaning up more than 6,000 sites since 1995. to think out or produce (a new device, process, etc. S. For this reason, they have chosen to opt for redundancy and build a new application in the cloud while continuing to run their old application on-premises. S. Where greenfield projects deal with fresh, untouched land, brownfield development refers to projects that take place on an existing site that has abandoned, underutilized, or. With a greenfield strategy, a whole new infrastructure is built in the Cloud using a public, private, or hybrid model. However, Brownfield Development can be regenerated and used again if the land is. The distinction between brownfield and greenfield infrastructure is often not a bright line. Greenfield and brownfield are two unique software development concepts. From Brownfield to Greenfield Development – Understanding and Managing the Transition. EPA officials joined with. 1. DERR Lead Brownfield Coordinator Phone: (614) 644-3750 E-Mail: Dan. Reduce risk with open source. The term brownfield was originally used in construction and development to reference land that at some point was occupied by a. Similarly in the USA, it is estimated that there are more than 450,000 brownfield sites that may be. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Mattel purchased the game back in 1980, making it popular in households across America. 4 million to assess and clean up contaminated properties under the agency’s Brownfields Program. To prepare a conventional factory for networked production, for example, it is necessary to. Jefferson cracks, he sends Greg home early. State and local governments have joined the private sector in paying much more attention. . View listing photos, review sales history, and use our detailed real estate filters to find the perfect place. This invention will solve this problem for me and many others who are like me. There are estimated to be more than 450,000 brownfields in the United States. Our History. South Gloucestershire Council leaders said they had assigned all suitable brownfield – previously developed – sites for homes and employment in the draft Local Plan but more were needed to. It was the first earthquake that humanity had ever detected. A select group of winners will be. Check out Greenfield vs Brownfield Projects & Investment comparison. 9 Brownfield Act of 2000 provides new financial incentives and opportunities for redevelopment. It uses industry standards like OPC-UA to connect modern equipment, while old machines are. Brownfield machine monitoring refers to the monitoring of existing (legacy) equipment by attaching new sensors in order to gather data about performance and machine health, amongst other things. gov. Much of the discussion around application modernization today is focused on monolithic, on-premises applications—typically updated and maintained using waterfall development. Thus, training and learning. Have 4-5 grade, 6-8 grade, and even 9-12 grade level students create these wobble bot robots! Make it a competition or just a fun project for everyone. Project Costs and Resource Needs The Brownfield Inventory and verification can be completed by the green team, municipality oBrownfield and greenfield industrial park investment projects located in the East Slovak region were analyzed by the SAW method. Viewing page 33 out of 48 pages. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection lists 18 brownfield projects spanning 100 acres or more dating to 2003, including sites in Sarasota, St. Brownfield grew up in Brownfield, Tex. 1302 E Hester St, Brownfield, TX 79316. 71% during this period. Some early adopters are already making inroads into this pool of value. A Brownfield is an innovation blocker, because brown means you take over a lot of old s. S. EPA funding, please contact John Morris, Stakeholder Engagement Coordinator, at (317) 234-0235 or email to. She is credited with inventing a procedure that has helped to save thousands of lives. “Greenfield” typically refers to ground-up projects, while “brownfield” projects are built around previously developed structures. He made many crucial contributions to the early development of all-electronic television. From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English in‧vent /ɪnˈvent/ S3 W3 verb [ transitive] 1 to make, design, or think of a new type of thing Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Of course, the migration may not be a bed of roses because you have to consider the thorns while you enjoy the fragrance. Both Greenfield and Brownfield investments are part of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) but often are confused with being the same. CW Executive Search. Brownfield Inventory can also be collected from sources such as: New Jersey Office for Plann Agency, tax assessor database, historic municipal data and site visits. According to the IEA’s 2021 World Energy Outlook, under the stated policies scenario, global oil demand is set to grow from 28 Bbbl to 32 Bbbl through to 2050. Tyne is a sophomore at the University of Missouri, majoring in Ag Journalism. The CT DEEP Brownfields Inventory was updated on October 6, 2023. Elements of both Greenfield and Brownfield projects are discussed in detail. As early as 8000 bce tiny. Greenfield and brownfield are two unique software development concepts. The subject of brownfield redevelopment is wide ranging, and it is one that encourages research by people with a wide variety of interests and experiences. Greenfield vs. ”. 7 square miles (92. It preserves past customization investments and mimics ECC-based processes as much. On the other hand, Brownfield leases the entire business and makes the lessee work according. Coupled with other headaches, such as public perception of the site and potential risk of exposure to contaminants, many entities are. This assessment should include a comprehensive review of the site’s history, including any previous land use, environmental conditions,. Learn more. 12 Partnering provides funding beyond brownfield dollars. Johanna Wallén Axehill. Our History. Brownfield refers to investments where a company or government entity invests in an existing facility to start its operations in a foreign country. The latter is just a transfer of ownership of existing firm from a domestic. The beach was redeveloped as a part of the ‘Toronto. In IT, a brownfield project might include upgrading legacy systems. coin a phrase - come up with - concoct - conjure up - cook up - devise - dream up - fable - fabricate - have an idea - improvise - make up - rationalize - think - think up - vamp up. This investment provides Ohio’s communities with the first significant investment in. Johan Tingström. Kurtz. 80 acre (lot) 77 Smith St, Fryeburg, ME 04037. The term “brownfield” was first used to distinguish developed land from unused suburban and rural land referred to as “greenfield” sites. 1. This device detected an earthquake in 138 AD that was 1,000 kilometres away, in Longxi. LEBANON, Indiana (May 13, 2022) – Today, The U. It can be an upgrade-, delta-, re- or migration sizing. To gain this value, however, the project cannot be planned or executed in a vacuum. The entire brownfield target area contains 13,886 parcels and has a total area of approximately 35. Ibn Firnas's glider pictured in a sketch (right). Put simply, a brownfield is a piece of land that has been contaminated with dangerous substances and may pose a risk to the people who will be. to create a reason…. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced $1. GREENFIELD 20% of applications are delivered. com Through the greenfield implementation, you can start from the beginning; through the Brownfield implementation, you can take advantage of the old systems with a process known as selective migration, whereby you can limit business disruption. Brownfield Home for Sale: Large 3 bedroom 3 bath home situated on a corner with 2 lots. The first step in successful brownfield project management is to conduct a thorough site assessment. Metal detector flip-flops. The Sugar Beach in Toronto, Canada, is an example of Brownfield investment in which the pre-existing parking lot of Jarvis Street Slip was converted to a beach park on Lake Ontario. 1869 - Center-fire cartridge introduced. gov. : to create or produce (something useful) for the first time. The aims of brownfield development policy include: (a) achieving economic and social regeneration of the brownfield area; (b) improving the environment; and (c) reducing development pressure on greenfields. The property includes approximately 2. Today’s grants are supported by President Biden’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which provides a total. if contamination is later discovered. Managing risk is critical, and sensitive data can be exposed during a cloud migration. Driving these existing systems towards brownfield integration is an important aspect in today’s digital world. She explains, “The lady that invented this is from Brownfield. SEATTLE (May 25, 2023) – Today, the U. In Greenfield, the entire process of designing, developing, deploying, monitoring and management is involved. See the latest thought leadership from the Foundry editorial brands that you know and trust, including CIO, CSO, Computerworld, InfoWorld and Network World. mikayla@epa. The EPA defines a brownfield site as “a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing that three Western New York communities have been selected to receive a total of $1. Bill Lee signed into law SB0271,. Roxanne Anderson DERR Brownfield Coordinator Phone: (614) 644-2938 E-Mail: Roxanne. 9 acres of land and is developed with a one-story, 23,000-square-foot warehouse building constructed in 1952. The brief was to maximise the potential of the site whilst still being sympathetic to the heritage of the town. Brownfield projects involve the redevelopment or modernization of existing IT infrastructure or applications. This study reviewed 773 documents themed with “brownfield” in the Web of Science core database between 1980 and 2020 and used the CiteSpace. 2. The Brownfield Inventory is a subset of sites from the Known Contaminated Sites List (KCSL) for New Jersey. Invent in brownfield. Ft. Brownfield redevelopment is a better alternative than urban sprawl. Zillow has 30 homes for sale in Brownfield TX. Even under the net-zero scenario, in which demand decreases, 7 Bbbl of demand remain. Service 4. Brownfield contamination problems cannot be dealt with effectively because brownfield redevelopment is a constant problem for governments, communities, and consultants worldwide. NTT Global Data Centers Americas, Inc. They’re often created by companies and. invent. Pressure is. Focus on customer experience: Put the customer first by going beyond the basics. Greenfield FDI makes additional production capacity, whereas Brownfield FDI is purchase of existing production capacities. 2 Anatomy of Brownfields Redevelopment Existing Infrastructure – An opportunity to save money, because brownfield properties often have existing infrastructure and are in locations accessible to roads, rail lines, ports and public transportation. Technology. In the context of the law, a "brownfield" is a piece of land that formerly had polluting activities on it, and the land still has soil or water. Source: Thomas Quine/Flickr. The number of brownfield sites is estimated at 450,000 across the country. 1. EPA analyzed ACRES data to determine that 88% of brownfield properties are in counties that are part of a CBSA. The local planning department were reluctant to. The ‘brownfield’ and its polysemous nature. View full document. Afteryouconfiguredinter-VRFrouteleakingbetweenthebrownfieldandthegreenfieldVPCs,youwouldthencreatean EPGtobeassociatedwiththebrownfieldcloudcontextprofile. 27. Indeed, their location within metropolitan areas represents a strategic. For this reason, they have chosen to opt for redundancy and build a new application in the cloud while continuing to run their old application on-premises. The Class of 2023 Finalists were selected by our editorial team. Accordingly, the brownfield approach in the context of Industry 4. The perception of the potential use of brownfield sites varies considerably from one part of the world to another, and international collaborations among researchers from different parts of the world remain limited. Get help at every step of your cloud journey. is found at the property, further investigation (a Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or additional assessment) is needed. invent: 1 v come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort Synonyms: contrive , devise , excogitate , forge , formulate Type of: create by mental act , create mentally create mentally and abstractly rather than with one's hands v make up something artificial or untrue Synonyms: cook up , fabricate , make. Historians now disagree since there is evidence that the bicycle and bicycle like vehicles are older than that. Ohio EPA Division of Environmental Response and Revitalization 50 West Town Street, Suite 700 Columbus,. 1. After Greg and Rowley invent their own secret language, which Mr. November 21, 2023 Steering Water Utilities into a Resilient Future. 1. Think disused factories, outmoded office buildings, or any location that was once a work site. The principal element in Hochul’s proposal is to extend the deadline for sites to be admitted into the BCP from. Brownfield Investments: An Overview As noted above,. Green Field Investment: A green field investment is a form of foreign direct investment where a parent company builds its operations in a foreign country from the ground up. This credit can total 10 percent of any innocent party’s development (not cleanup) costs, up to $1 million. B&R Automation claims to have a solution that can fix the situation. In this combination image, booking photos of Alysia Adams (L), 30, and 36-year-old Ivon Adams (R). Several elements must be considered when preparing for an SAP S/4HANA brownfield migration, starting with the SAP Transformation Navigator and Readiness Check 2. Kitchen completely gutted and rebuilt. . The latter is just a transfer of ownership of existing firm from a. Advantages of Brownfield Projects: Cost-effectiveness: Upgrading or modifying existing systems can be more cost-effective than building new ones from scratch. A total of 7197 scientific articles (Scopus) were reviewed to show. ” . By committing to converting these brownfields into greenfields, architects make cities much more. Through the greenfield implementation, you can start from the beginning; through the Brownfield implementation, you can take advantage of the old systems. 8 million. A platform for building scalable web applications and mobile backends. to design and/or create something that has never been made before: 2. The term brownfield sizing has different meanings. This white paper examines the differences between Greenfield and Brownfield environments – particularly as it pertains to cloud migrations. The hotel's location in Brownfield, Texas is also just 30 miles from Lubbock and close to local points of interest. 1871 - First cartridge revolver. That same year, taxes collected from reused brownfields delivered $2. Stay Smart in Brownfield, TX at Our HotelSituated between Fort Worth, TX and Ruidoso, NM, the fresh, contemporary Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Brownfield is the perfect stopping point for all travelers. With reference to brownfield sites redevelopment interventions, an innovative model for the definition of effective and financially sustainable initiatives is proposed and tested. However, in particular, general planning and brownfield. It was the first patent in the world for color TV. tr. Leaked petroleum from USTs can contaminate the soil and/or groundwater on or near the site. This property is set on 138 acres and includes a partially completed home. Sajid is a developer for an online apparel retail company. 5 billion in Brownfield funding to be awarded over the next five years. Greenfield development refers to the construction of new buildings or facilities on previously undeveloped land, while brownfield development involves revitalizing and redeveloping once-used or contaminated sites. Greenfield vs Brownfield: Understanding the Software Development Differences Software has become one of the strongest, most dynamic industries in the world. Environmental Protection Agency announced $4,568,689 from President Biden’s Investing in America Agenda to expedite the assessment and cleanup of seven brownfield sites in Washington while advancing environmental justice. The Barking Riverside site was formerly occupied by a collection of power stations which shut down in the late. The US EPA estimates that there are over 450,000 brownfield sites across America. But in simpler terms, a brownfield is just land (previously developed for commercial or. If there’s a lesson to be learned, it is that IoT development — both greenfield and brownfield — needs a joint effort among the creators and adopters of devices, protocols, standards and. Reduced risk: Since the existing infrastructure is already in place, there is less uncertainty compared to starting a greenfield project. EPA’s Brownfields Program began in 1995 and has provided nearly $2. S. ); originate, as by experiment; devise for the first time. (in compliance with the regulations at 40 CFR 312) on a brownfield, he/she may have a defense to liability. These fact sheets can support the. AWS re:Invent 2019 — Keynote from Andy Jassy — Announcements Dec 5, 2019 UI/UX Design patterns Oct 22, 2019. In 2022, all new. At one point, the headquarters for the game was housed in Brownfield - and the building still sits in the town square. 2 million brownfield sites within the European Union, of which around 340,000 are expected to be contaminated and in need of remediation prior to redevelopment (Van Liedekerke et al. 1862 - The Gatling Gun is invented. Greenfield development is the opposite. 3,143 Sq Ft. The term originates from the real estate industry, where it refers to the development of land that has previously been used for industrial or commercial purposes. Here’s why: First, no one really wants to live on the typical brownfield site. Brownfield Development. Public sector investments have, therefore, traditionally not been considered as viable options due to some persistent arguments and general beliefs. The Brownfield SEP Guidelines were developed to permit use of SEP funds on activities that are not typically eligible activities under traditional brownfield grants, including demolition, habitat restoration, and land acquisition, and as such, often serve as key gap funding for a brownfield project. INVENT meaning: 1. What has resulted in abandonment of brownfields? Many factors have resulted in brownfield properties being abandoned in favor of developing "pristine" farmland or previously undeveloped land. This study conducted a scientometric review on the brownfield research from 1995 to 2017 using CiteSpace. Brownfield redevelopment is a new urban land use strategy to pursue the ideal of sustainable development. See moreInvent in brownfield - A brownfield strategy is to invent a new application in the cloud environment that will replace an existing legacy application that remains on-premises. ohio. What kind of architecture should he use for the applications he develops, and why? Select the correct answer. Johanna Wallén Axehill. Cleanup however, like all brownfield sites, varies greatly and can be complex. A greenfield site sits at the opposite end of this spectrum, referring to land that has yet to be developed. [email protected] million administered through Vermont’s Brownfield Economic Revitalization Alliance program, said Bob Flint, executive director of the Springfield Regional. Initially confined to planning experts, the term found its origins in the French word ‘friche’ and the field of agriculture. One of the largest brownfield development projects in the UK is the Thames Gateway project which commenced around 2005 and is still an. S. Brownfields are unused areas, often with devastated building objects and environmental burden that pose potential risks to the investor but also contain the possibility of using the available infrastructure. Leveraging IoT in Brownfields. Brownfield Land Terminology. 2 Baths. Dorigo Systems &. Marie. was awarded a $150,000 brownfield clean-up sub-grant for 825 Warner Street in Fulton County. The beach site was redeveloped and opened to the public in 2010 at $14 million. After analyzing your system, you then add. green이 깨끗한 의미를 가지고 있는 것처럼, greenfield project는 새로운 사업체를 열어서 프로젝트를 진행하는 것을 말한다. Monolithic pattern, because it’s modular and therefore easy to update. The following is the breakdown of the $1. Environmental Protection Agency awarded almost $6 million in Brownfields grants to assess or cleanup brownfields or to support revolving loan funds in communities across Ohio. Some of the greatest advantages of Greenfield Software Development include: Gives an opportunity to implement a state-of-the-art technology solution from scratch. Abstract. We hope you’ll be inspired by our vision and decide to take action. 0. What is a brownfield? The term brownfield typically refers to land that is abandoned or underused, in part, because of concerns about contamination. For example, harkening back to the Google Cloud Adoption Framework, if your objective is to reduce cost with minimal change to your applications (i. DIY Wobble Bot. For a more complete discussion of the Michigan plan, see Hula (1999), Szymecko and Voice (2002), and. Here, a domestic company is taken over by the MNC. In terms of smart factories, brownfield implies that there exists a pre-existing. One of the earliest and most literal examples of this model-building paradigm in action was the ancient Mesopotamian invention of writing. Typically, everyone in a greenfield development environment is a newbie. Warner Avenue Project. ,. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing a $6,965,000 investment in Connecticut made possible by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law to revitalize communities across the country by cleaning up contaminated and blighted sites and. Maintain business continuity on a secure cloud with advanced reliability, network, and uptime performance. A related use of greenfield/brownfield occurs in the name of a US law: the "Brownfields law", signed by George W Bush in 2002, which limits liability for cleanup of "brownfield" sites for new owners. Although we’ve successfully redeveloped hundreds of properties, one of SCS’s most visible Brownfields projects is the San Diego Padres Petco Park in downtown San Diego, completed in the. However, despite its immense benefits, there exists a plethora of challenges that Brownfield facilities face in embracing it. Eagle Environmental Construction, a development team who has tackled brownfield cleanup in the past, laid plans for a mixed-use property in Downtown Atlanta on the site of a former steel manufacturing plant. Land in the United. Invention: A light-emitting diode (LED) – Date of Invention: Nick Holonyak Jr. At one point, the headquarters for the game was housed in Brownfield - and the building still sits in the town square. A private developer instructed Invent to carry out the design work for the redevelopment of a brownfield site near the town centre, that was previously used for car repairs. A greenfield deployment is the design, installation and configuration of computer infrastructure where none existed before, for example, in a new office. “It’s a tool that will help keep and attract talent here, grow our population, and create the kind of. 4 million in funding to assess or clean up brownfield sites or to support revolving loan funds. The implementation of industrial park investment projects in relation to the use of brownfields and greenfields is a constantly debated issue. Indiana defines a brownfield as: a parcel of real estate that is abandoned or inactive; or may not be operated at its appropriate use; and on which expansion, redevelopment, or reuse is complicated; because of the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, a contaminant, petroleum, or a petroleum product that poses a risk to human. v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that 10 Indiana recipients will receive $9. New software architecture must account for existing and running software. Here are five tips on how to migrate to the cloud wisely and help make your cloud transformation go smoothly. Since 1996, $300 million has been pumped into the local economy through citywide reclamation projects, with more to come, Paull said. URL 복사 이웃추가. It relieves environmental pressure and resolves the glaring contradiction between urban. However, despite its immense benefits, there exists a plethora of challenges that Brownfield facilities face in embracing it. Brownfield land is developed land. to design and/or create something that has never been made before: 2. Drive agility and economic value with VM-based infrastructure, analytics, and machine learning innovations. Both approaches have unique advantages and disadvantages, and the right choice will depend on various factors, including the. Gas station and dry cleaner operations, which can be and often are located outside designated commercial and industrial areas, typically produce a range of subsurface contaminants. Leveraging IoT in Brownfields. What’s needed is a national strategy with incentives and awareness-raising. The main floor is currently set up with one bedroom, 1 ½ baths, kitchen, dining room, living room, laundry and huge entryway. Erik Herzog. Some authorities say the estimates are low and the actual number of polluted sites is much greater. It is, in essence, a technical upgrade that makes it possible to build on existing elements of the SAP environment, as well as on systems interfacing with supplier and partners. Communities want brownfield redevelopment because a brownfield lowers nearby property values, stifles local investment, and often threatens public health. The Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) has awarded $2. Before acquiring the property in July 2019,. Kate Lucas and Stuart Miner of RE Solutions. Brownfield essentially takes an iterative approach for design, development, and much of testing (in line with the modified V model we showed earlier). In the Cloud migration space, greenfield and. During the Fall 2022 semester, Lehman College journalism students conducted an investigation on the prevalence of toxic brownfield sites in The Bronx. A modular design approach allows for a substantial number of common parts. She invented a clever excuse/story.