20; Added ECU variant label for easy identification of non-DME fault codes; 1. 002B1B: Misfiring cyl 6. def. I reset the code and now 20 miles later it has come back again. 002B19: Misfiring cyl 4. 1879 posts · Joined 2013. 2A8900 - MSA: Starting system not activated or automatic engine starting time unacceptably. gonna flip ionic modules and read. I have exactly the same problem in my own car a bmw 545 model 2005 and for a week now it shows me these two errors and automatically goes into limp mode. Y. . 12; 1. Don’t shotgun parts hoping some random part will solve your issue. Covered under the terms of the BMW New Vehicle/SAV Limited Warranty or the BMW Certified Pre-Owned Program. related closely to S38 used in US M5/M6. The easiest way is to remove the top plastic that has the gears shown, remove a couple screws, unplug one or two cables and changeover the circuit board. 3. I wonder how many people replaced a $1k+ part for a bad connection. 805CBD Daytime driving lights: Excess temperature 2 (switch-off) This is a 2015 428 xDrive. Probably because there are so many electronics in the car. I charge with the standard BMW occasional use charger, and free at the grocery for level2. // 2) 2B36 Combustion misfire with cut-out cyl 2. Tried to reset and pull codes a couple times, One of the code is code 20A804. 50. Correct assumption here lol I did have to re time the engine. Location: United Arab Emirates. This blog post will teach you how to interpret the meaning of the codes. Car has new valve cover gaskets, valve stem seals, new maf sensor all new spark plugs and coils so it should be running good. The test plan is to be completed and its recommendations followed to properly repair the vehicle. Monitoring the sensors in real time, I can see the RR jumping higher/lower at. Your Fault, set at 840 RPM, is "Currently Present" = Fehler Momentan Vorhanden. This is a listing of OBDII generic and enhanced BMW trouble code definitions for the model year 2012. 5E42: Wheel speed sensor rear right – air gap excessive. 10BA40 - outside temp sensor plausibility. (This part is over $135 anywhere else and it is not in the states at the moment If you are shopping at well known bmw wholesalers) But luckily i found in Ebay half the price. E1CC03 Message (drive train 2 data, 0x3F9) incorrect, receiver NBT, transmitter DME/DDE. And here for some info. At this point, I wasn't quite clear what. // 3) 2B37 Combustion misfire with cut-out cyl 3. OE is Original Equipment aka 'BMW. 2AF2/4/6. Fault codes. P1638; BMW 100001 Throttle valve, function:. Customer reply replied 3 years ago. Table a. KOMBI A559. - DME shadow (inactive) codes -. The dealer ran the codes on my car today and one code came up: 002DED (DME power management closed circuit current violation). Browse by Make. valvetronic sensor signal implausible, open signal to the servo motor. This is sometimes caused by low battery voltage. 5. My shop guys suspected its the DME connector possibly. SAE standard J1979 defines many OBD-II PIDs. Hello guys. Terminal condition: none. 2) Request money back from. Clear the fault from fault memory After the release of ISTA 4. info is generated by its users. A0B5 CAS: Fault road speed signal 2C2D DME: Oxygen sensor before catalytic converter: coasting mode check The stored codes are: 2DEB DME: Power management vehicle electrical system 2C3D DMW: Oxygen sensor before catalytic converter: line fault + 2 ABS codes for the front left and right wheel speed sensorsBMW 3-Series and 4-Series Forum (F30 / F32) | F30POST > Technical Forums > F30 DIYs and Coding Discussions > Fault codes - safe to clear? Google Search Search ForumsF10 520d Shakes @ Idle. Thanks!. while driving, the engine turned off, everything turned off and the engine did not start, the starter did not turn. . 4. Bingo!iTrader: ( 0) Results from scan following codes. The airbag warning lamp is illuminated and fault code 93D2 (Passenger Off Lamp [POL]) is stored in the fault memory. Fault code: D71403 :Signal (energy degradation dynamics, ID: ENERGY DGR DRDY) invalid / Invalid signal bus. . Check setting of linkage with system test. Module: HU- (MMI) (NBT) B7F8C6 CID: Reduction in brightness due to excess temperature. Save Share. 2. CAS A10A. N57T Diesel with Fault Code 29EB00: EGR Cooling Plausibility MODEL F10 (5 Series Sedan) Produced to 3/1/2014 With the N57T engine F15 (X5). Now I haven't had the light come on for a week but the codes remain. The connectors are rock solid so I can only assume the unit has developed some kind of fault - the cheapest solution being to simply buy a used but working replacement of identical specification? Cheers. Bmw 545 2004. Bmwdrainsmywallet Discussion starterBMW Fault Codes (DTCs) Below is a comprehensive listing of BMW DTCs and the corresponding SAE P-codes. As many of you mention, Carly is one of the top choices. #11 · Apr 24, 2015 (Edited) 16valex said: Anyway looking at your ABS code ABS DTC 18 (Pulse gear fault) I think one of your wheel speed sensor is bad. DTC from P0700 to P0999. 12. Drives: 2011 BMW 335i. D02D58: SIGNAL ERROR (WHEEL TORQUE DRIVE 1, ID: WMOM_DRV_1) - QUALIFIER Dynamic Stability Control 4809AB: GLOBAL POWER SUPPLY - UNDERVOLTAGE EXTERNAL D36D58: SIGNAL ERROR (WHEEL TORQUE DRIVE 1, ID: WMOM_DRV_1) - QUALIFIER D35A57: SIGNAL ERROR (LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION CENTER OF GRAVITY, ID: ACLNX_MASSCNTR) – QUALIFIER BMW Fault Codes (DTCs) Below is a comprehensive listing of BMW DTCs and the corresponding SAE P-codes. . // 4) 2B38 Combustion misfire with cut-out cyl 4. George. Our professionals are here to help make sure you find the answers you need to. My 2012 F10 520d Auto SE (N47T) has only run 29k miles. Members; 89. 50. Bimmerpost ☰ Model Selection. . Parkbremse lossen - the handbrake is faulty or activated. For anyone looking for a cheap OBD2 scanner, the Creator C310 for BMW is a great choice. I havé cc-id 184 DTC active What is my next step to fix this problem. Location: Lake Worth, FL. So as my previous thread Iv had the following codes. 2DED DME: Power management, closed-circuit current violation . I've been getting a "5DF5 Internal control unit error" fault code through INPA. Location: High Wycombe. This BMW fault code lookup service was created by an enthusiast for enthusiasts. BMW Garage: BMW Meets: Register: Today's Posts: Search:BMW Fault Code Lookup - BMWFaultCodes Fools rush in where angels fear to tread! I am responsible for what I write, not for your understanding of it. I then had a garage replace the brake vacuum sensor and EGR valve. Creator C110+ C310. Of course I barely made it home from the dealer. Your BMW is equipped with what is called an evaporative emissions system, also known as EVAP. 002B22: Misfiring several cylinders. My first and main suspect would be supply or ground voltage problem, second suspect is a failed DME. This BMW fault code lookup service was created by an enthusiast for enthusiasts. Here is a list codes and meaning: Attached Images. The Culprits: A faulty pressure sensor is a common villain, but sometimes the high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) is the real traitor, especially if it's worn out. 00A0B1 CAS : input ,selector lever position , implausible. 824 posts · Joined 2007. 3 weeks later. 930712 Brake Light Switch: Switch Sticks Or Internal Hardware Fault. But this tagged along with it from time to time. Current stable. 97 mbar. , bank 2: Fault description: HO2S Heater Control Circuit (Bank 2 Sensor 2) Condition for fault identification: Test condition: Driver info includes OPENLOAD. Signal P0221 Throttle Position Sensor "B" out of range. I heard one estimate that about 75% of oxygen sensors that are replaced are fine. 135i_vs_. In the HSL color space #d02d58 has a hue of 344° (degrees), 64% saturation and 50% lightness. Fault Code (hex) Fault Code (dez) BMW Fault Code Description VS-Text: Fault description: DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) DTC Description: 0x2710: 10000: Throttle valve, function: jammed permanently: The diagnostic function checks the throttle valve's control signal for excessively high figures that would indicate that the throttle. You have saved me from spending tons of money now. Covered, now for gasoline engine vehicles and for the diesel engine vehicles when BMW software solution becomes available, under the terms of the BMW New Vehicle Limited Warranty for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. SES light is probably from the catless dps with stock tune. This fault is coming up if there is a excessive current flow when the car is sleeping/parked. bmw e46 323ci coupe sometimes loses power and has a eobd code. Let me first review your fault codes. :thumbup:+1:thumbup: Absolutely correct on all points!A BMW fault code P0456 means that there is a leak somewhere in your fuel system that is allowing fuel vapors to escape into the atmosphere. Cold start not controllable. 135908 - Valvetronic servomotor, position sensors: Supply voltage missing. Quote. Are all 6HP19 transmissions same ? (i belive All M54 Engines are connected to 6hp19 tranny) Do they differ depending on the engine of the E60s ?Location: NV. The symptom was the fan high speed on/off after the engine warm up. Select the OBD fault codes range. The next time it drives just fine. BMW 3-Series (E90 E92) Forum > BMW E90/E92/E93 3-series General Forums > General E90 Sedan / E91 Wagon / E92 Coupe / E93 Cabrio > Brake sensor, 5DE2, left right? Google Search Search ForumsBMW Fault Code (DIS/MoDiC) • BMW Codes are stored as soon as they occur even before the Check Engine Light (MIL) comes on. BMW uses flex ray to communicate between some of the modules. FRM2 Footwell mod 2 fault. However, based upon your FIRST screen, that does. 2. 7 KB, 28510 views) Appreciate 7. The ISTA Definition for that code is "DME: Map Thermostat, mechanism" which suggests a mechanical fault with thermostat standing/ stuck OPEN. 2. Embassy sensor, rear right. First of all, you should notice these symptoms: the vehicle will lose some power and will go slower than usual;Fault Code 290900 AIR TO EGR MASS FLOW. The 480A code is not the only thing that will change in your vehicle when the DPF is dead or clogged. BMW models and chassis are designated with an internal code to tell them apart. CB - Fuel trim bank 2 control limit. ABS-DSC fault. The twist grip was bad to get out of calibration on the 15/16. Egr, cooler and the bypass all appear to pass the tests as do swirl flaps. Hopefully this can help anyone diagnose their fault codes and fix their cars. The 2A87 code typically indicates an issue with the VANOS system in BMW engines. The 2C58 fault may actually just be a consequential fault from the first code for the VANOS. 47. B7F67B Instrument panel: Wake-up line status incorrect, hardware line. One thing that people need to keep in mind is that you need the Carly adapter plus the Carly Pro app which costs about $60. If driven further, it will store fault code 481A/245800. Had one set and on had no issues but decided to. Clearing the codes does not change the condition and they return upon x1 startup attempt. Voltage condition: none: Condition for fault. vehicle has already been updated to new I-level (F001-19-11-550). This information is provided solely for informational purposes. Which sensor does this refer to, inlet camshaft sensor or ex. It’s your BMW’s way of letting you know that the transmission fluid is showing signs of wear and tear. . The 2C58 fault may actually just be a consequential fault from the first code for the. Heat, friction, and contaminants gradually take their toll, causing the fluid to degrade and lose its effectiveness. #1 · Feb 18, 2019. A/C code? Probably only 3 of those codes with the charging/door are valid… as far as the weird travel legs, that raises an eyebrow. E3 - Fuel trim bank 1, permissible range exceeded. FIXED! Limp mode + DME and DSC errors. Link to comment. E46 (3 Series), E36/7 (Z3) vehicles from 9/00. the care has been into two garages, one a BMW specialist and the only code they can relate this to is D02D58 Signal Wheel torque powertrain invalid transmitter DME but they don't know what is creating this code. This color has an approximate wavelength of 493. 0301A0 PDC. Covered under the terms of the BMW New Vehicle Limited Warranty for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. 00507C EGS : parking gear incorrectly engaged. Tur offen - one or more doors are not closed. 27666 posts · Joined 2007. When I googled Cas & Kombi I saw that it was relating with starting issues which actually about 3 or 4 weeks ago when my daughter was trying to start the car it would not start at all. Hi, I have a 2002 BMW E39 530i which has a misfire Fault code- "F0 MISFIRE, CYLINDER 3". There are SEPARATE Fault Codes for issues with each of those components, and YOUR current fault code is "2A13". #2 · Jul 30, 2011. Short story, no fault code but some stutter from EGR (validated with ISTA test), I decided to change it with a new one. 2 Input analog timing (100 mV) DME initiates secondary ignition for each cylinder then looks for feedback BMW 120i F20 LCI2 / 2018 Also for those seeking about the carly code 8041C2 its also same thing -> solved with by using for all WL with "Hart einschalten" and not using Tagfahrlicht instead of Standlicht, here is a wrong light mapping in Carly. BMW Fault Codes 4687 and 474C. ShivBMW 5 Series Forum ; TRANS FAULT, EGS CODES, PLEASE HELP ME TRANSLATE!! TRANS FAULT, EGS CODES, PLEASE HELP ME TRANSLATE!! 514a; 5142; 5144; cf07; 5146; 299a;. Quote 02-05-2017, 04:56 AM #2: eluded. Fault code: 482795 :Height level sensors - Rear left - outside specification. Also can you list all the fault codes so I can determine which ones are important. info CarPlay. Hello, I will do my best to help you with your BMW. 225. Now, given that I'm not new to a manual transmission and don't drive particularly aggressively, and I don't ride the clutch, this seems awfully low miles for. It contains fault codes across all models broken down by ECU variant. At Bimmerforums, you will find technical how-to information maintenance specifics audio advice wheel and tire combinations and model specific details not found anywhere else. If you aren’t able to get the codes because you don’t have a compatible scanner, you will need to move on to visit a mechanic. D02D58 Signal (wheel torque powertrain 1, 41. . Let me first review your fault codes. EG5 GM6 fault. HELP!! BMW Fault Code Lookup. Fault code: D76D19 :Signal (7. The Fault Code "2EF7" has the Definition, per BMW Fault Code Lookup: 2EF7. Location: Austin. The fault codes should be diagnosed when they are found stored in the vehicle after performing a vehicle or short test. In case fault codes 4521 or 4530 are stored, perform the following test modules: B1362_D6TRK (Turbine control flap – wastegate control of the smaller turbocharger);. iTrader: Quote:. 14. 1251 Fuel Injector 1 (or group 1) Check the injector valve for coking and proper spray pattern. Save. 0:00 Intro0:22 DMTL Explained2:00 2A17 Fault, DMTL module failure2:17 2A15 or 2A16 Fault, minor leak detected4:22 My X5 DMTL Fault4:45 Purge Valve6:35 Gas Ca. 1F1A90 - DME, monitoring, 5 V sensor supply: Voltage outside valid range. iTrader: ( 0) 2011 n55 fault codes 2DD6, 2DD8 valvetronic. 54 DME Control Unit Power Supply via Main Relay 6 Fuel Injector output stage without cylinder assignment. I am sorry to hear your BMW is experiencing this concern. Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) BMW code P-code Fault type and function Signal type and range Explanation 1 Ignition coil cyl. This indicates a fault with the internal memory of the DME computer. This twisting chafes the wires near the A/C lines (1). 00507B EGS : parking lock sensor implausible. DME: Map thermostat, activation. DTC from P0500 to P0599. Wheel speed sensor (front left) electrical failure. 8052DF Adblue system CC message requirement : Adblue system faulty. Reconnecting did not help! Using ISTA I was able to read the following codes; 2E8E - IBS Sensor Missing. Having problems with codes 2DD6 2DD8. 2 and M1. 804086 Driver KL15WUP: short circuit to B+. Replaced the water and problem is gone. The hexadecimal color code #d02d58 is a shade of pink. My BMW e90 was running rough and had engine management light on so with Carly adapter I managed to read the codes which were 004B84, 003FF0, 0040E9, 004B82, 004B81. Defect Code: 1253018100 Labor Operation: Labor Allowance:. I'm trying to fix the "trifecta lights" issue on my 2002 325ci. Any electronics getting power from constant 12v, even very low current ones, can induce that code. 2) Start engine once operating temperature already established: Slight RPM stumble followed by surge in RPMs from 600 to 1200 about 10 seconds after ignition. Avoid shops that believe that a fault code means replace "Part X" and do NO examination/testing of the associated electrical system. BMW 330e Drivetrain Fault. 15984 posts · Joined 2007. 2805. It's SI B12-10-09 and I have attached it below: SI B 12 10 09 Engine Electrical Systems February 2009 Technical Service. When engine is off, the engine constantly will make "rattle" noise every 10 minutes. 1D3201 - Clutch Seriously Damaged. Defect Code: 6512580200 Head Unit High HU-H software error/internal device fault Labor Operation: Labor Allowance:. . 5. This BMW fault code lookup service was created by an enthusiast for enthusiasts. 1x: 1. #8 · Sep 10, 2022. 57% red, 17. Do you know what needs to be replaced to fix this issue as I have not. The sensor’s ability to detect the oil level accurately may be compromised, triggering the fault code. Thanks for the replies. Descriptions and noises are subjective in nature. Press "Display Fault Memory" button in Lower-Right corner of screen; 7) A LIST of ALL Modules with Fault Codes saved in Fault Memory appears; select/ click on ANY Fault code that mentions CAS Module (such as A3B2) and click "Calculate Test Plan" button in Lower-Right of screen; 8) ISTA SHOULD provide a "Flow Chart" type of series. mr-fix. BMW Code Database DME M1. jamesfawcett. iTrader: ( 1) N55 2C58 Fault. 55 Ignition Final Stage 7 VANOS Solenoid Valve. Covered under the terms of the BMW New Vehicle Limited Warranty for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks. SITUATION. Recent BMW Forum Discussions. DTC from P0600 to P0699. This code is part of the onboard diagnostics system, commonly known as OBD-II, which monitors and. BMW seems to go back and fourth between the flexray and Ethernet bus. #1 · Oct 14, 2015. Code: 0000 failure location not implemented 29CC misfirings, several cylinders 29CD misfirings, cylinder 1 29CE misfirings, cylinder 2 29CF misfirings, cylinder 3 29D0 misfirings, cylinder 4 29D1 misfirings. read more. the diagnostic. Hitting limp mode especially when going up a hill at 3,000 / 4,000 rpm, in which the DSC light comes up on the instrument cluster and the engine goes into limp mode and jerks/hiccups like crazy. My control module is an MK60 ASC unit with the part number 6759075. Rep. 2A61 Relay, ignition and injection system, supply voltage' fuel injection: LIne disconnection. 7 misfire is fluke :wink. 10351C - Accelerator pedal module, pedal-travel sensor Multiple fault. 1, height subject vehicle HR): invalid value. P1289 Switching Solenoid for Air Assisted Injection Valves Bank 2 Control Circuit Signal High - Read Our Article on Automotive Circuit Testing For Help With This BMW Check Engine Light Code. 2,312 satisfied customers. My car from the scanner gives P3049 and the engine light is on. Re calibrate twist grip adaptation and it should be ok. Table a. The common symptoms are the temp lights coming on at the dashboard followed by limp mode. BMW Fault Codes Lookup. Engine: 3166. Battles to start Fault appears to start intermittently Bike may start and ride, then will appear to have fuel starvation This unit is situated on the left side of the tank. Engine starts to stutter and no power. I just recently change the rear ABS sensor and installed a new battery. 135908 - Valvetronic servomotor, position sensors: Supply voltage faulty. Engine electronics. . P1317 "B" Camshaft Position Plausibility. Since BMW also has their own trouble code system, the codes are arranged in numerical order using the BMW numbering system. pdf. Enter a BMW fault code (P or hex), complete the Captcha, and click "Search". 1741 posts · Joined 2007. VTG transfer case fault. COULD NOT TEST DUE TO COOLANT PUMP FAILURE. Limp mode when the Vanos codes are thrown below. The last 3 codes go away if I clear the codes but then will come back when I try to turn the vehicle on. DIS CD24 fault code descriptions for DSC MK60 are in. Lambada Fault codes 282E00 & 283400. I am experiencing the attached drivetrain fault. Reply Quote. Location: Magnolia, TX. 0340 camshaft position sensor circuit ''A'' bank 1 . bmw z4 e89 twin turbo code P3049 Is there a complete list of codes on this site as cannot find. For more details, go to our EOBD-Facile car diagnostic software page. SI B07 03 14Bimmerlink (brought to you by the same company that created Bimmercode) is a fantastic app that allows you to read the fault codes of many different BMWs thr. Here are the codes. I have used ISTA+ and trying to figure out if it is my starter or control unit that need to be replaced. FOUND FAULTS FOR COOLANT PUMP. 5E38 is Rotation rate sensor. It is the most comprehensive fault code database available online. E81 / E82 / E87 / E88. Ran diagnostics and it spit a bunch of codes: 002B2B: High pressure fuel 2, plausibility. 2. F10 uses electric water pump that is running a brushless motor. BMW Motorrcycle Fault Codes DTC. Build date 3/97. 00 Volts. Carly codes appear as EG 5DF0 or 5DF1 etc. Our 2007 335i with 94K miles on it has randomly just started to shift poorly, slip etc,. CORRECTION. 0. DTC from P0400 to P0499. 2A8800 - Engine speed picks up too slowly in an automatic start, or no driver detected during starting operation. 2 Input analog timing (100 mV) DME initiates secondary ignition for each cylinder then. For reference I have a 2009 328i with the N51 engine. E90 BMW 335i May 12, 2019 #1 I know there are some threads out there on this but looking over them there hasn't been a answer yet or the thread(s) were left unanswered,ghosted with no follow up on this issue. Whenever I find an online a list of OBD2 codes they are in the format P0001 etc. mbar. pwillikers Posted March 29. Other than that the codes either don't show up, or don't contain much meaning, which I'm just assuming is nothing major/is fine. I followed the diagnosis procedure via ISTA for the IBS sensor and voltage/connection all seems good. 002B1D: Misfiring cyl 8. CA - Fuel trim bank 1 control limit. info is not in any way affiliated with Bayerische Motoren Werks AG. prg. Chances are the 02 sensor is fine and reading the oxygen level that is actually present. For instance, here is the MOST COMMON Definition of that code according to BMW Fault Code Lookup, and the one that applies to my Late 2007 328xi E91, but if you have a different DSC Variant, such as DSC_87 or. P1327 Knock Sensor 2 (Bank 1) Low Input. R1200GS. I then reran the Carly and I now have the codes 004AFB, 0040E9 and 004B82. I'm in need of a little assistance. Defect Code: 10 42 90 01 00Understanding the 29D9 BMW Code. Sent from my iPhone. 480A/245700. 10167 Output stage to electric fuel pump GS/A 1200 Idling irregular . I got these codes Customer attachment 11/2/2020 7:42:03 PM. If no other oil pressure faults are present the fault should be ignored. In the RGB color model #d02d58 is comprised of 81. Overview of the 2A87 BMW Code. It is the most comprehensive fault code database available online. Automotive Diagnostician. After pulling over then restart all fine as. A DPF regeneration must be executed via ISTA/D. 2010 BMW 550i MT 2003 BMW 325i @216k and counting 1998 BMW 528i MT @ 231k //sold 1997 Saab 9000 //sold. 002B1A: Misfiring cyl 5. Charged the battery but the inspection light came up occasionally. // 1) 2B35 Combustion misfire with cut-out cyl 1. This is what i've been able to find online: • A56F Message incorrect (status emergency call,0x2c3), receiver KOMBI, transmitter. @ GermanSteel - can you please help look up the following fault codes for me? I'm also having AHL issues and would like to know the repair procedure (and parts). It turned out the timing chain is in the wrong. Body (B. Attached is a pdf with Links to many helpful E9x References such as TIS, Bentley, RealOEM. #6 · Nov 16, 2021 (Edited) The LCI E83 uses the MSV80. Hi everyone, my first post here hopefully someone can help with some ideas. This fault first came around then i changed my injectors and spark plugs. Creator C310 is much more powerful and supports more systems than generic OBD2 scanners or Bluetooth adapters. The diagnosis test plan indicates that there is either a wiring fault, or the POL is defective. 1 DME. Low Fuel Pressure: The Scoop: Think of this as your BMW being a tad dehydrated. The 29D9 BMW code, “misfiring in case of tank filling level too low,” is a specific diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that BMW vehicles use to identify a particular issue related to the engine’s fuel system. The OBD2 Trouble Codes are categorised into four different systems. now everything is back to normal . S Code BMW Motorsport-designed Production Engines. 2d55 is for the VANOS system during a cold start. It contains fault codes across all models broken down by ECU variant. #10 · Jan 15, 2012. The errors that were stored in the car's memory according to INPA were: DSC 5DEC. The Creator scanners allow you to read BMW-specific fault codes and display live sensor data.