”. What Does Kpop Stand For? Literally, Kpop stands for Korean Pop Music. i kinda dont understand what you mean buy ktown4u is just an online store that official sells merch and albums for different kpop companies, its not the only store thats counted under Hanteo Hanteo is just a music chart company like the Billboards in the US or Oricon in Japan, it doesnt only count physicals but, digitals and downloads too 2 definitions of NRDP. NRDP potrebbe. Processor NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. K-pop idol groups are a global phenomenon, with millions of diehard fans all over the world. K-pop is K-pop when it shows the Korean culture. The kpop industry is very different from the western on this aspect. 3 Shin Seung Hun — 12,695,369 sold. What is the meaning of NRDP? The meaning of the NRDP is also explained earlier. SF9's RoWoon. Physical albums also cost more so they make more many and fans are more willing to spend then the general public. Seven-a-side, easy to organise and offering fun and fitness. The abbreviation for "where/willing/want to sell". 0! This community is for K-Pop enthusiasts who love buying and selling merchandise, albums, photocards, and clothes! Here, you can find a vibrant community of fellow. Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system, including peripheral fibres (Aβ, Aδ and C fibres) and central neurons, and affects 7–10% of the general population. What does NRDP stand for? The meaning of NRDP does not have to be exclusively one of those listed above, as this abbreviation may have different meanings that have not been included. K. POBs are additional limited edition items (also known as ‘album inclusions’) that come with a pre-ordered K-Pop album. NRDP Meaning. “GingaMingaYo (the strange world)” is a prime example. What does NRDP stand for in Projection? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Projection. Seven-a-side, easy to organise and offering fun and fitness. One of them was the single “World”, while another was the Korean version of “Fallin’ Flower”. NRDP on Monitoring Full FormsTake the example of Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey selling the first-ever tweet for nearly $3million – no one who just comes across that tweet on Twitter knows who owns it, nor does the person who. The following Nagios Definitions will result in: A Passive Host object for the server. 5 - entered at No. Acting really cute. Anda dapat mengunduh gambar di bawah ini untuk mencetak atau membagikannya kepada teman-teman Anda melalui Twitter, Facebook, Google atau Pinterest. S. So i just buy the new one that i really like. Kpop is a unique kind of music, a blend of several different genres of music like hip hop, pop, ballad, rock, jazz, R&B, experimental, gospel, disco, electronic dance music, etc. What does NRDP stand for in Partnership? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Partnership. WTS: Want to Sell. 1. What does NRDP mean as an abbreviation? 20 popular meanings of NRDP abbreviation: 34 Categories. Then COVID hit and the event got suspended 2 days before, when I was already in Japan. The sound is very energetic and fresh. BTS 's ARMY. It is designed with a simple and powerful architecture that allows for it to be easily extended and customized to fit individual users' needs. ” For trading, you can use “wtt (where to trade, want to trade)” and “lft (looking for trader). It’s better than selling your soul to the devil… that’s for sure! The thing is: i don't think they are selling themselves to pamper the west, i think they saw an opportunity and are doing the obvious - exploring - and just trying to earn money while working. Agriculture NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional music of Japan, and significantly in. Other Meanings of NRDP As mentioned above, the NRDP has other meanings. It is designed to be a flexible data transport mechanism and processor, with a simple and powerful architecture that allows for it to be easily extended. Mathematically, it is the sum of wasteload allocations for point sources, load allocations for non-point and natural background sources, and a. Project NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. Earlier, we learned Kpop means Korean popular music. Their musical style is called X-POP, which is global music that transcends borders (X is commonly used as unknown or special). 1. Definition of NRDP in Business & Finance. Bias. However, Kpop in Korean is 대중음악 (daejungeumak). 6 percent of respondents stated that the K-pop genre is. Bulletproof Boy Scouts), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a South Korean boy band formed in 2010. What does NRDP stand for in Politics? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Politics. It's a completely different story now. For western album, i tried buying the secondhand one because it is a lot cheaper but people rarely sell secondhand kpop album with cheaper price (my cheaper mean, less than £4). then, post the template with a key, for example, i use dinosaur emojis to mark which cards are my “priority” and chick emojis to mark which cards are “on. wts | lfb | ph QUIT SELLING!! kpop random pocas ( mostly twice / mina pc) - can tingi but prio getting more - payo / 3 days res w/ 50% nrdp - x sensi - x rush shipping t. CONTENT DELIVERY. 1. Jeon Jung-kook (Korean: 전정국; born September 1, 1997), also known mononymously as Jungkook (stylized as Jung Kook), is a South Korean singer. Since most are buying. We have confirmed dates for a few Asian tournaments in 2020, including the Bangkok Tens, Hong Kong Sevens and more. K-pop ( Korean : 케이팝; RR : keipap ), short for Korean popular music, [1] is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. wts lfb Can do 1-3 weeks dop with nrdp can do 25ea sa dicons if taking 3 or more! Mop: gcash/Maya Mod: j&t/flash Attacca, which is the first Seventeen album to sell more than 2 million copies, joins a rare club of K-pop groups to sell over 2 million copies of a single album. Nagios Remote Data Processor (NDRP) is a flexible data transport mechanism and processor for Nagios. J-pop (Japanese: ジェイポップ, jeipoppu; often stylized in all caps; an abbreviated form of "Japanese popular music"), natively also known simply as pops (ポップス, poppusu), is the name for a form of popular music that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. It alerts users when things go wrong and alerts them a second time when the problem has. BLACKPINK. It is designed with a simple and powerful architecture that allows for it to be easily extended and customized to fit individual users' needs. Oct 17, 2021 1:09 PM PHT. Sort. To both new and old K-pop fans, the world of K-pop photocard and goods trading online can seem like a confusing mess of acronyms, statuses, and resale sites. ” Of course, you’d include the item you’d want to buy, sell, or trade. Dates: 1 – 2 February 2020. 1 in the U. Another year passes in the K-pop scene and fromis_9 proves they cannot, and will not, make a bad pop song. you can find templates for artists you collect by searching up “__ template” on twitter. While the girl crush concept can largely be seen as a female empowerment movement, it’s also not explicitly defined as that, due to the controversy around this term. Korean pop or K-pop is a term used to describe popular music performed by Korean bands or solo artists. send_nrdp. This is the subject that many fans, especially new ones, are often confused about when their favorite artists release a new album. It is often expected from idols. This video is about NRDP full form#nrdpfullform#nrdp#nrdpmeanningImage Source. ) But there were a number of silly responses about. there was just a post asking what male idols have the worst stage presence that just got mod-deleted. First of all, the price you sell photocards varies massively depending on how rare it is, how in demand it is and if it's a special card or not. S. All-out attack (noun) 2. You can get help with Identifications, Recommendations, Explanations, or Discussions about K-Pop music, artists, genres, content, or industry/cultural issues. besides, this is where majority of their profit comes from anyway. 169K Members. K-POP means "Korean Popular Music. Just depends on where you're more active so you can communicate easier. Big 3. then, post the template with a key, for example, i use dinosaur emojis to mark which cards are my “priority” and chick emojis to mark which cards are “on. Originating in South Korea, K-pop draws influence from a range. There’s a difference between lomo card and photocard based on its size. Meaning. What does NRDP stand for in Politics? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Politics. (Video) +5 things you should know/ real vs fake photocard (official vs unofficial photocard) (Moon🌚) Earlier, we learned Kpop means Korean popular music. ”. – Education: Seoul School of Performing Arts (‘14), Hanyang University (Practical Music Major – Kpop Course) – He was a trainee for 6 years. The actual tunes can be anything from jazz, gospel, classical, swing, hip hop, all the way to rap, rock and metal. From what I've seen, people usually keep the albums sealed but it's okay to open it too if you're careful enough to not damage it. Oct 17, 2021 1:09 PM PHT. With the acronym meaning "Adorable Representative MC for Youth," ARMY was picked to best suit the group since BTS's Korean. Example: "WTS UB tix", means "want to sell Upper Box tickets. The group is composed of nine members: Nayeon, Jeongyeon, Momo, Sana, Jihyo, Mina, Dahyun, Chaeyoung and Tzuyu. Once Again: K-pop is Not a Genre. Seoul Pop Merch PH. Defining K-pop’s version of “girl crush” presents a logistical challenge because it has such a dynamic meaning. They’ll collect payment from everyone in. It shows if they are. g. 9. On Twitter, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) released its Global Album Sales Chart, which listed the 10 best-selling albums around the world in the previous year. "Of the 26 million album sales in 2019, overseas sales were 10 million. What you might want to look into more is shipping cost, shipping quality (if it might get damaged) and shipping times (I know some websites take months). LE SSERAFIM (르세라핌) is a five-member girl group under Source Music. Please know that five of other meanings are listed below. Compilation album. Broadcast staff and media/press get so many promo albums that they receive literally hundreds per year. Filipinos are among the biggest consumers of these products that are making a craze worldwide. o. If the various singers and groups that comprised the K-pop genre last month suddenly become unpopular next month, it means that they no longer belong in the K-pop category. Meaning and Usage of 'Sale' Sale is a noun and refers to an act of exchanging something for money ("The owner profited from the sale of the property"). I would say for groups physical sales are more important while for soloist/songwriters digital sales are better. For example, the hi touch or send-off is a popular VIP benefit. Many K-Pop fans have shown more interest in the well-being and work conditions that their idols train and promote under. NRDP Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. He has performed three solo songs as part of BTS' discography— "Begin" in 2016, "Euphoria" in 2018, and "My Time" in. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone. On this page you will find the NRDP meaning, what NRDP stands for, and possibly some other relevant. So in some other parts of the world, such as Asia, it is not simply referred to as “pop music”. BTS' Tomorrow. $63. Seoul Pop Merch PH. NRDP. send_nrdp. Selling my Entire Kpop Collection! Hello Guys! Due to some circumstances in life, I have decided to sell my entire kpop collection. Korean pop singers such as TVQX, SNSD, Wonder Girls, and Psy currently attract unprecedented followers in Asia, Europe, and North America. K-pop has a Western origin and simply mimics the concept of singing and dancing at the same time from Michael Jackson (Oh 2013). Arthur. In Life, Stray Kids. $25. The members also made an alias name. . To get an idea of Stray Kids’ nascent but prolific career, look no further than the group’s two 2020 Korean albums: Go Live, released in June and consisting of 14 tracks. They are the fastest million sellers in kpop, selling their first million selling album in their rookie year, and they also had the most streamed 4th gen song on spotify last year (fever). Since K-Pop encompasses a wide variety of music genres, there is likely a K-Pop artist out there to. hi ! whats the meaning of nrdp po?Jeon Jung-kook (Korean: 전정국; born September 1, 1997), also known mononymously as Jungkook (stylized as Jung Kook), is a South Korean singer. As its. Please know that five of other meanings are listed below. The term “Kpop” is short for Korean Pop music. Lightsticks can cost anywhere between $30 and $150. November 2023 is packed with awesome Kpop Comebacks, featuring talented Kpop Idols, Singers, and even some Korean Drama OSTs. A place to ask your K-Pop questions. Q: A: How to abbreviate "National Rural Development Project"? "National Rural Development Project" can be abbreviated as NRDP. While selling high-value products like cars, the customer must. – His nicknames are: 17’s Father, Beagle King – He’s one of the original Pledis Boys. To anti-fans dreamcatcher isnt following the main stream kpop concept so they. Read through the Korean lyrics first, and see how much you understand. Some fans have multiple. Natural Resource Damage Program. Yet, things are very different in a seemingly similar market for Korean music (K-Pop). They host GOs for Exols but they also have on-hand items ready to sell. Other Meanings of NRDP As mentioned above, the NRDP has other meanings. Lightstick creation is based on the demand from the fandom so not all groups will have one. Definition; NRDP: Namibia Rural Development Project : NRDP: Narowal Rural Development Program : NRDP: National Rural Development Partnership: NRDP: National Rural Development Plan: NRDP: Natural Resource Damage Program : NRDP: Natural Resources Development Project ‹ Installing NRDP From Source. What I regret spending money on most was a hi touch event for NCT DREAM in Japan. Give it up for BLACKPINK as the girls are the K-Pop girl group who had sold the highest amount of albums in the first week sales. Unique Kpop Definition Posters designed and sold by artists. Carry this to the extreme, and K-pop could eventually become a null set. Everything is in fantastic condition. Its roots began to develop in the early 1990s and it was also greatly influenced by American pop culture of the subsequent decades. COM will provide you information about KPOP groups news, profile, facts, comeback schedule, concert date, shows, performance and link to buy KPOP official merch from the official store. National Rural Development. planning on selling some of my kpop albums and photocards! here's a list of some artists i'm selling for: billlie, bts, exo, iu, jennie, loona, onew, red velvet, shinee, smcu, superm, girls generation, & twice. ”. Kpop music is short for Korean popular music. A remote client submits a request to the NRDP server API. the first place to start is to figure out what you want to collect. For their album "THE ALBUM", more than 630,000 copies were sold in the first week after its release. K-Pop’s Dominance in Merch Sales by Ingrid Chan 04/20/2022 For anyone involved in the music business industry, it is impossible not to have noticed the massive. Basically a bunch of people going in together on a bulk purchase of goods, usually to lessen the cost of shipping. As we have previously discussed, pre-orders are the number of copies in stock that official Hanteo affiliated stores around the world will have. If you’ve hung around the internet long enough, you know K-pop stans are notorious for spamming social-media platforms, mainly Twitter, with hashtags and “fancams” of their idols, with the. Kpop is a unique kind of music, a blend of several different genres of music like hip hop, pop, ballad, rock, jazz, R&B, experimental, gospel, disco, electronic dance music, etc. Just like the rest of the global music scene, K-Pop music is readily available on streaming services. . 5,127 likes · 175 talking about this. T-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more, designed and sold by independent artists around the world. NRDP translation in English - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'nr',NADP',nard',ND', examples, definition, conjugation A photo card should have a smooth surface with a clean sheen to it. AP-Yonhap. The lightstick is called Bang Bong, with bang representing the group and bong being the name for lightsticks. Q: A: How to abbreviate "Narowal Rural Development Program"? "Narowal Rural Development Program" can be abbreviated as NRDP. KPOPOFFICIAL. It is designed with a simple and powerful architecture that allows for it to be easily extended and customized to fit individual users' needs. NRP. When a group releases a song, it’s just one part of a package that typically includes a visually arresting music video and. “DM” continues that tradition as another gem in their discography, but the group. Nagios Core / ˈ n ɑː ɡ iː oʊ s /, formerly known as Nagios, is a free and open-source computer-software application that monitors systems, networks and infrastructure. Let’s be budol besties: The insider’s guide to buying K-pop photocards. The group's name is an anagram of "I'm Fearless", and it. The term could refer to a group’s overarching concept (think girl group. WTB and LFS On the contrary,. It isn’t just a marketplace for photocards (PCs), albums, and other merch anymore. I joined the kpop merch trading and selling community a few months ago and I find it kind of confusing. BTS (Korean: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan; lit. In an email exchange, Digital Trends spoke to Chief Technology Officer and co-founder Fabiano. 2. A c hongong, or “all-out attack”, refers to K-pop fans who co-ordinate to boost the profile of their. Rank Abbr. Gather around, fellow K-pop stans, and let's rank the best K-pop groups of 2023! Whether they're recent debuts like NewJeans and Le Sserafim or K-pop behemoths like Blackpink and NCT 127, these popular Korean boy bands and girl groups are topping the charts like nobody's business. And with over 1. The reason why a POB is special is because the pictures are usually exclusive and are not easily. You’ll usually make 2-3 payments, one for the cost of the goods, and one or two for shipping. Depop is a good place, here on reddit in r/kpopforsale, twitter, mercari too. sh The following topics are also discussed: Using STDIN. You can click links on the left to see detailed information of each definition, including definitions in. FML, is currently the best-selling K-pop album of all time, with more than 6. Struktur Pusat Latihan NRDP. NRDP - send_nrdp Client; Overview. However, so many fans are willing to pay a premium to purchase the latest album from the groups they ‘stan’ (meaning: support). Hanteo and its 1st day/week sales. Since. Most simply, having a bias means having a favorite member within a group. This statement is easily supported by the analysis of the results obtained through the implementation of the AFP and NRDP which are substantiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest inventory report (See Section 4. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. people may use it on more rare or expensive items they don’t know how to price, and the highest offer they will accept. While bigger can mean better, it can also. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. K-Pop is a generic label given to mainstream music in South Korea. ”. Definition of NRDP in Business & Finance. As long as the seller hasn’t already accepted the lower price, it’s completely. A few days later, The. To be fair, their total sales are actually closer to 78k. This. But it’s also made to be watched. According to Circle Chart's First Half Album Chart, two albums by OMEGA X made it to the top 100. A GO is a group order. The legend found its apotheosis in Robert Johnson, a Mississippi-born musician who supposedly sold his soul to Satan himself, at midnight, near the very Dockery plantation where blues singer. What does NRDP stand for in Project? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Project. It has become a global phenomenon, gaining widespread popularity outside Korea and affecting the global culture. Last updated: Jun 7, 2021 • 6 min read. While good physical sales means a dedicated and large fandom that you can depend on. National. Anti-fans says some pretty mean stuff so that's probably real. All About K-Pop: Inside K-Pop’s History and Signature Sound. Averaging around 1 million monthly listeners on Spotify and high peaks on iTunes. starting your account. XG Members Profile and Facts: XG (Xtraordinary Girls) is a global girl group under XGALX. 3). For a female, she would call an older male “oppa” and an older female “unni. Currently, #delulu has over 113 million views on TikTok, with several videos unrelated to K-pop. Physical albums also cost more so they make more many and fans are more willing to spend then the general public. Here are the main ones to look out for: WTB: Want to Buy. (We talk more about the noun sell later. IntelligentAd4439 •. It’s a part of Hallyu, or the Korean wave, which is the rise in popularity of Korean music, TV shows, movies, and other pop. Find out how to request an assessment or contact a mentor. As of the midyear report of South Korea’s biggest-selling albums in 2023, three boy bands are leading the pack, but four female groups and two soloists are close behind. Love can be like a butterfly, fragile and you need to be careful not to do the wrong thing or else consequences appear. Q: A: What is the meaning of NRDP abbreviation? The meaning of NRDP abbreviation is "National Rural Development Project". Military NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. government term that NRDP stands for, you've come to the right place. Please know that five of other meanings are listed below. Alopecia areata is the second-most frequent non-scarring alopecia, after male and female pattern alopecia ( Box 1 ). 27 May 2023 06:35:0157 votes, 19 comments. Most was because "their performance was cool (read: they were handsome/pretty in the stage", "they look so good in their mv (they must be, afterall they spend thousands of dollar for that 3 mins video). Some fans have multiple biases, or bias the entire group (aespa. Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. If you look at BTS, their album sales outsold every female artist and girl group in kpop combined. I wouldn’t buy or sell rare/expensive pcs with stamped mail though. For instance, in South Korea, we have K-pop. The NRDP meaning in Locations terms is "Natural Resource Damage Program". government such as NRDP. However, if you’re the one buying, the tags to use are “wtb (where to buy, want to buy)” and “lfs (looking for seller). The basics: K-pop is not a genre, nor do K-pop fans behave like a. wts lfb ph twice mina chaeyoung jeongyeon jihyo momo itzy ryujin newjeans minji straykids hyunjin felix . BigBang Lightstick – Bang Bong. K-Pop (Korean popular music) is a musical genre consisting of pop, dance, electropop. Politics NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. It’s not whoever first say they offer 1usd that gets it, but rather who the seller thinks offer a reasonable price for it. The client needs to submit: • A valid token that has been authorized in the NRDP server config file • The command it is asking the NRDP server to process • Data associated with the command Verify NRDP verifies the token and passes the client's request to the appropriate NRDP plugin. S. With roots in the Korean underground hip hop. For all intents and purposes we can presume that pop music, as we recognize it today, originated in Anglo-America . Make her do some critical thinking because kpop groups haven’t started selling over millions in albums regularly until this year. . If the album is new it might be cheaper on other kpop selling sites now - Amazon in Canada has started to overprice new albums. K-pop’s local buy-and-sell (BNS) community has grown exponentially in the past two years. What does NRDP stand for in Military? Get the top NRDP abbreviation related to Military. First on the list is the very first official lightstick in K-Pop, Big Bang's lightsticks that were designed by Big Bang's leader, G-Dragon. TK is happy to report that nearly all of the people who engage K-pop seriously--such as writers and journalists about the topic--generally agreed with my post that argued K-pop is not a genre. This is a two-way communication where the selling agent gets instant feedback from the prospective buyer about their intention to buy. (There was one exception, whose objections I will address below. The biggest-selling. 2 million followers on Twitter, 4. New Republic Party (South Africa) NRP. Struktur Organisasi NRDP. According to this Kpop is selling more albums outside of Korea than inside. Oct 17, 2021 1:09 PM PHT. Lastly, is the argument that K-pop is a hybrid between Western pop music and Korean culture. com! 'National Rural Development Partnership' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. You can get help with Identifications, Recommendations, Explanations, or Discussions about K-Pop music, artists, genres, content, or industry/cultural issues. " K-POP (usually stylized as "K-Pop" or "k-pop") is a genre of popular music which originated in South Korea in the 1990s, and is now popular throughout the world. Originally as six, they debuted on May 2, 2022 with their first mini album Fearless. Dates: 1 – 2 February 2020. $28. A K-pop stan is a borderline obsessive fan of a Korean pop music band or artist. Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic disorders that are characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation and caused by mutations in genes in the nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial. – He has an older brother. As a general rule of thumb, an album that’s in great condition is going to bring you more money than one that’s got some obvious wear and tear. How much do K-pop Photocards sell for? Buying a K-pop photocard through a reseller would normally set you back anywhere from $5 to upwards of $1,000 depending. Billlie, with an eclectic and whimsical sound, stands out among the dozens of rookie groups vying to make their mark in K-pop. I’m not saying that companies should just stop selling things at all, obviously kpop companies would go bankrupt if they didn't sell anything. So i just buy the new one that i really like. The Big 3 are the three K-pop entertainment companies which have historically been the largest and most successful: JYP Entertainment, SM Entertainment, and YG Entertainment. The NRDP meaning in Pakistan terms is "National Rural Development Program". Bias. I've never had problems with them, but their albums don't come with extras. Sort. There are quite a few unspoken rules in the K-pop buy-and-sell community, so. The. The 30-year-old K-pop star, also known as Agust D, is releasing his debut. Once your Nagios service is receiving Passive NRDP checks, they will not appear anywhere in Nagios until you define host and service definitions. Not all fans like going to concerts and 3. We have confirmed dates for a few Asian tournaments in 2020, including the Bangkok Tens, Hong Kong Sevens and more. Coups was supposed to debut with. Reasons for K-pop popularity worldwide 2022. Q: A: What is NRDP abbreviation? Some Store is a K-pop store selling mostly EXO merch. But it’s also made to be watched. Package NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. Non Resident Pakistani. POBs are additional limited edition items (also known as ‘album inclusions’) that come with a pre-ordered K-Pop album. Q: A: How to abbreviate "National Rural Development Project"? "National Rural Development Project" can be abbreviated as NRDP. Programme NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. 7. But the kpop album is so expensive, i just brought the one that i like all of the songs and have replay value. BTS, or Beyond the Scene, a seven-member South Korean boy band, in 2019 became the first group since the Beatles to earn three No. Ysa Abad. Economics NRDP abbreviation meaning defined here. It can be described as a mini photo album, which contains pictures of all the members of the band. 2% of all new cancer cases) and 746,000 men (10. Sell is common as a verb but can also be a noun that shares this sense of sale.