Consider specialist assessment within 24 hours for all suspected ocular causes of acute photopsia. 11 H43. The vitreous is encapsulated in a thin shell called the vitreous cortex, and the cortex in young, healthy eyes is usually sealed to the retina. H43. 392 H43. doi: 10. Synonyms: bilateral posterior vitreous detachment, bilateral vitreous. Transactions of theEpidemiology and Etiology. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common ocular event presenting to both general ophthalmology and retinal. 81. Shaffer, R. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a normal part of the aging process for our eyes, affecting most people by the age of 70. 66920 — Removal of lens material; intracapsular. thereby a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is usually absent. 9 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before September 30, 2015. AIMS To identify variations in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and establish a clinical classification system for PVD. Although initial correlations to clinical and intraoperative posterior vitreous detachment have been limited,16,17 de-velopments in increased-resolution spectral-domain OCT,Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common phenomenon in the aging eye. Part of the vitreous remains stuck to the macula, at the center of the retina. Design: Retrospective database study. Posterior vitreous detachment is rare in people under the age of 40, and increasingly common during advanced age. El desprendimiento posterior del vítreo (posterior vitreous detachment, PVD) es un cambio natural que ocurre durante la edad adulta, cuando el gel vítreo que llena el ojo se separa de la retina, la capa nerviosa sensible a la luz ubicada en la parte posterior del ojo. Other vitreous opacities, left eye. Some surgeries may help remove eye floaters that result from a detached retina. 1,2 Vitreous is composed of collagen fibers (~0. When light enters the. J. What ICD-10 code(s) should be used There are two valid diagnoses: H43. This may be asymptomatic, but sometimes a patient can notice the sudden. Definition: isolated tear due to defect in sensory retina from traction of vitreous after acute posterior vitreous detachment; Prevalence: 9-12% of general population;Main final diagnosis was haemorrhagic posterior vitreous detachment (76%) and the overall risk of a retinal tear with or without RD found at the time of surgery was 69%. The vitreous gel is attached through the premacular hole in. What causes a PVD? As we age, the vitreous changes. 86. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H43. This is called vitreous detachment. 1-4 Vitreous degeneration as a process of aging is well. Introduction. Retinal detachments in the pediatric population account for 3. This is an intraoperative photograph of the same patient with posterior capsular tear and successful removal of all nuclear fragments by utilizing hydrodelineation instead of hydrodissection. [4] In 1945 after the development of the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. proliferative vitreo-retinopathy with retinal detachment (H33. Removal by aspiration, suction, vitrector, or other instrumentation. 7%) were diagnosed at presentation. . 500 results found. ICD-10-CM Codes. 399 may differ. It can bleed inside the anterior chamber, vitreous cavity, retina, choroid, suprachoroidal space, or optic disc. 5%), hyaluronic acid. 02-) ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. 329 contain annotation back-referencesFY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. 5%), and water. What is posterior vitreous detachment? Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition where your vitreous comes away from the retina at the back of your eye. 819 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Vitreous degeneration, unspecified eye . This was the first year ICD-10-CM was implemented into the HIPAA code set. Posterior vitreous detachment is the most common source of symptomatic floaters. Spontaneous posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common age-related condition in patients aged ≥45 years. วุ้นตาเสื่อม (Vitreous Degeneration) เป็นโรคที่พบได้บ่อยและเป็นกันมาก โดยปกติลูกตาจะมีวุ้นตา (Vitreous) อยู่ภายในช่องตาส่วนหลังเพื่อคงรูป. 399 may differ. Other vitreous opacities, unspecified eye. So we always tell patients to see. 812 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v40. Information and translations of Posterior Vitreous Detachment in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Product. Accumulating excessive fluid in the subretinal space between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retina leads to retinal detachment (RD). Vitreous floaters. . The basic ICD-10-CM diagnosis for each code is as follows: H35. H43. Bleeding can occur from any of the structures of the eye where there is a presence of vasculature. Showing 76-100: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code M76. Contents. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. Risk factors for PVD include aging, advanced myopia, recent eye surgery, and eye trauma. The following code (s) above H43. vitreous syndrome following cataract surgery (. RRD occurs in association with a full-thickness retinal break or tear []. Although PVD rarely leads to vision loss, it can lead to flashes of light and an increase in floaters. It's usually harmless and. ↓ See below for any exclusions, inclusions or special notations. 5 mm) since it represents epipapillary glial tissue torn from the edge of the optic disc. 1, 2, 3 Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a normal age-related anatomic development that can lead to the formation of retinal breaks (RBs) at sites of firm vitreoretinal adhesion and. [convert to ICD-9-CM]CASE 2 – POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT (PVD) What ICD-10 code(s) should be used There are two valid diagnoses: H43. 811 - Vitreous degeneration, right eye. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata ). Retinal detachment is a sight threatening condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10000. 81 ICD-10 code H59. The codes for posterior vitreous detach-ment (H43. About 10 to 20 percent of people with an epiretinal membrane in one eye also form one in their second eye. Code History. We included patient eyes that were documented with a PVD (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision [ICD-9], 379. Given this, the ICD-10 codes you’re looking for are named Vitreous Degeneration. PVD usually follows a benign course. 5 to +5 dioptres), a total of 78 eyes. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common occurrence in old age. The code H43. 4-) Excludes2: vitreous abscess (H44. H43. This code description may also have Includes, Excludes, Notes, Guidelines, Examples and other information. Posterior Vitreous Detachment occurs when the vitreous gel in your eye becomes more watery and deflates in the eye cavity. 6% of all retinal detachments,1 and their incidence ranges from 0. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H43. . Retinal diseases. 6% of all retinal detachments,1 and their incidence ranges from 0. 82. late progression with vision threatening complications, including vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, can occur at any age after varying. 39. All non-exudative and non-tractional RDs originate from a retinal defect. Posterior vitreous detachment is a common degenerative process of the vitreous in which the vitreous gel loses its attachment to the internal limiting membrane. AIMS To identify variations in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and establish a clinical classification system for PVD. ICD-10. Union, NJ - Union County - 1095 Morris Avenue, Suite 103-A, Union, NJ 07083 Phone: 908-312-1001. 362. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. PVD occurs when the posterior vitreous separates from the retina and collapses anteriorly toward the vitreous base. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM H43. Other risk factors include age, posterior vitreous detachment, and history of ERM in the fellow eye. H43. The vitreous is very strongly attached (vitreous base. Primary angle-closure. Other vitreous opacities. Code History. 813 is VALID for claim submission. BILLABLE | ICD-10 from 2011 - 2016. 811 - other international versions of ICD-10 H43. 5% depending on surgeon experience, 1 but it can be sight threatening due to severe intraocular inflammation causing secondary glaucoma, corneal edema, cystoid macular. Code Version: 2022 ICD-10-CM. 1,2 There is an almost 6 times higher risk of pseudophakic RD in younger patients. Anterior PVR and fibrovascular proliferation can scaffold anterior vitreous similar to posterior vitreous [7,8,9,10]. RDs in children are most commonly seen secondary to trauma (44%), myopia (15%), aphakia (10%), retinopathy of prematurity (8%), and other, less common etiologies (23%). Synonyms: bilateral posterior vitreous detachment, bilateral vitreous. A posterior vitreous detachment is described as a separation of the posterior cortex of the vitreous from the internal limiting membrane of the retina. Access to this feature is available in the following products: Find-A-Code Essentials. It is defined as the separation of the cortical vitreous from the neurosensory layer of the retina. Posterior vitreous detachment is a common degenerative process of the vitreous in which the vitreous gel loses its attachment to the internal limiting membrane. The proliferative membranes can result from different etiologies of. Vitreous floaters; Vitreous floaters (eye condition); Vitreous opacities; Vitreous. OP note is as follows, with some. Participants:. Timing of PPV for non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage is an important consideration. doi: 10. By the ninth decade of life, 87% of patients have undergone posterior vitreous detachment, increasing steadily from 24% in the sixth decade. In subsequent years, Jules Gonin, MD, pioneered the first repair of retinal detachments in Lausanne, Switzerland. Mean refraction of symptomatic eyes was −1. Latest example from my practicode: The rationale says it. 13 X H43. The most common cause of vitreous floaters in ophthalmology is posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), a separation of the posterior hyaloid face from the retina. 10 may differ. 1. 812 for Vitreous degeneration, left eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -Disorders of vitreous body and g. ICD-10 code H43. Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), also known as persistent fetal vasculature syndrome (PFSV), and until 1997 known primarily as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a rare congenital anomaly which occurs when blood vessels within the developing eye, known as the embryonic hyaloid vasculature network, fail to regress as they normally. ICD-10 code H43. 01 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 81. Historically, observations of PVD using OCT have been limited to the macular region. 0): 124 Other disorders of the eye with mcc 125 Other disorders of the eye without mcc Convert H43. 393 X H43. For claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015, use an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes). Vitrectomy, scleral buckle and pneumatic retinopexy are the primary options for pseudophakic retinal repair. Retinal defects are commonly described as tears or holes, and the most common way to acquire one is through the development of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The PVD then is classified as either a complete posterior vitreous detachment (C-PVD) or a partial posterior. 1,2. Advanced vitreomacular traction syndrome may result in the development of a macular hole. This condition generally occurs after age 50 and affects women and men equally in symptoms. 1 for myopia and ICD 9 360. Potential patients with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 or ICD10 code for PVD or retinal breaks were initially identified. 02 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 1016/j. 7FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. The data is not an ICD-10 conversion tool and doesn’t guarantee clinical accuracy. The following code (s) above H43. Get crucial instructions for accurate ICD-10-CM H43. 822. H43. 7 th. 813 to ICD-9-CM. 813. 0 may differ. Patients who experience PVD in one eye will often experience PVD in the other eye within 1 year. 313 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Vitreous membranes and strands, bilateral. T85. 029 [convert to ICD-9-CM]H43. Billable Thru Sept 30/2015. Types of retinal detachment include rhegmatogenous, exudative, tractional, combined tractional-rhegmatogenous, and macular hole–associated detachment. 2017;42(8):1179-84. Retinal hemorrhages are an important ophthalmic diagnostic sign for an underlying systemic vascular disorder. Exudative (or serous) retinal detachment (ERD) occurs when fluid accumulates in the subretinal space between the sensory retina and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) resulting in retinal detachment. Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) It is a common cause for vision loss and decreased vision. Round hole of retina without detachment ICD-10 H33. Lattice degeneration is a common condition that can be found in 6-8% of. 036. 311 Vitreous membranes and strands, right eye 3. in general, the posterior vitreous detachment remains as described, and results in no further harm to the retina. Other vitreous opacities. It fills the interior of your eye and helps to preserve its round shape, as well as allows for light to pass through. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H43. Retinal detachment (RD) is an acute or progressive condition in which the neuroretina separates from the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal fluid accumulates, and retinal function is lost. 1 Unlike RDs in adults, pediatric RDs tend to have a chronic duration, worse presenting visual acuity, macula involvement, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development at presentation. 3W, H33. As the. 67042. 3X), vitreous hemorrhage (H43. This is called a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and is usually a normal part of aging. Source: Soroosh Behshad, MD, MPH. Participants: A total of 8305 adult patients in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a physiological process associated with age, characterized by progressive vitreous liquefaction which rapidly increases between the sixth and seventh decades of life . 472 results found. 1 Disease Entity. 69 may differ. 12, 28, 29 Proponents of this concept advocate the term posterior hyaloid membrane to describe the membranous structure visualized on. In addition, posterior vitreous detachment becomes more complete which brings the floater forward for easier, safer treatment. 9% of eyes; neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 7. > DISORDERS OF VITREOUS BODY AND GLOB. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. 02 to ICD-10-PCS. Research shows by the age. 819 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify vitreous degeneration, unspecified eye. The following code(s) above E11. Find out the differences between. Vitreous floaters. 07 (Old retinal detach total or subtotal), you’ll use H33. Vitreous degeneration. The Retina/Vitreous Preferred Practice Pattern® Panel members wrote the Posterior Vitreous Detachment, Retinal Breaks, and Lattice Degeneration Preferred Practice Pattern® (PPP) guidelines. Delayed complications related to PVD, like retinal tears and epimacular membranes, develop more frequently in patients showing. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z86. Login The STANDS4 NetworkRight posterior vitreous detachment; Right vitreous degeneration; Right vitreous detachment; Right vitreous detachment (eye condition) ICD-10-CM H43. 319 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 41. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. C. 10 became effective on October 1, 2023. 0) Other Disorders Of The Eye With Mcc ;The posterior vitreous detachment was symptomatic in the right eye in 112 patients and the left in 88 patients. Vitreous degeneration. Etiology and Risk Factors. During follow-up, an additional 101 eyes (8%) developed this complication. This detachment is caused by changes in your vitreous gel. 329 may differ. Read this short guide to learn about Posterior Vitreous Detachment ICD codes you can use! Find out more. H43. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. 2016 (effective 10/1/2015): New code (first year of non-draft ICD-10-CM)An alternative, more stringent clinical interpretation defines posterior vitreous detachment as the separation of the vitreous and its enveloping posterior hyaloid membrane from the surface of the retina. Vitreous detachment. A bilateral cataract refers to the presence of cataracts in both eyes. During a posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous traction on the retinal vasculature may compromise a blood vessel, especially at the firm attachments mentioned above. Symptoms of a Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) The most common symptoms of a PVD are flashes and floaters. In rhegmatogenous RD, retinal discontinuity. New flashes and new floaters should always be examined as a PVD can cause a retinal tear. H35. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. Anterior Segment. G Meyer-Schwickerath, M Fried . Tip 3—vitreous detachment. ICD9 743. Synonyms on this page: pvd, posterior vitreous detachment, vitreous syneresis, vma, vmt, pulling. If the vitreous pulls away from the back of the eye, it is called posterior vitreous detachment. (iii) anteroposterior traction exerted by the syneretic vitreous pulling at adherent sites on the. This article presents both classifications of a PVD by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and of a shallow PVD by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The patient gradually becomes accustomed to his floaters. 819 for Vitreous degeneration, unspecified eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . Bilateral vitreous membranes and strands; Bilateral vitreous strands; Vitreous membranes and strands, both eyes; Vitreous strands of bilateral eyes. PDF Fact. Glaucoma. 18: Other acute postprocedural pain [pain, edema, and trismus after removal of impacted mandibular molars]. Vitreous detachment. Retinal detachment is a sight threatening condition with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10000. Vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome is a disorder of the vitreo-retinal interface characterized by: (i) an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), (ii) an abnormally strong adherence of the posterior hyaloid face to the macula and. 0 - C71. 2020 Mar;64 (2):187-195. As you get older, the fibers of your vitreous pull away from the retina. ICD-10 code H43. 0 became effective on October 1, 2023. PVR applies traction on the retina in three-dimensions (i. Posterior Vitreous Detachment is a kind of vitreous degeneration. (ICD 9 367. Vitreous degeneration. Diagnosis at presentation and complications noted during follow-up were as follows: Isolated vitreous hemorrhage. Floaters (Figure 1) are typically due to cells or debris floating in the vitreous that cast shadows onto the retina. 821 H43. Excludes1: proliferative vitreo-retinopathy with retinal detachment (H33. Purpose: Despite posterior vitreous detachment being a common ocular event affecting most individuals in an aging population, there is little consensus regarding its precise anatomic definition. 1 Disease; 2. Get crucial instructions for accurate ICD-10-CM H43. H43. Treatment. Posterior Vitreous Detachment is an Ophthalmology or Eye Condition or Disease that is Treated at the Retina Center of New Jersey which has Locations in. 819 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 41. The macula is the central 5. ICD-10. Diagnosing a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is important for predicting the prognosis and determining the indication for vitreoretinal surgery in many vitreoretinal diseases. 813. occasionally photopsia (an ocular flash) may occur if the vitreous separation exerts traction on the retina. Search Results. Disease. 67112 Repair of retinal detachment; by scleral buckling or vitrectomy, on patient having previous ipsilateral retinal detachment repair (s) using scleral buckling or vitrectomy techniques. 01 may differ. 24 years after PVD diagnosis, 7. Showing 26-50: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. Peripheral vitrectomy with scleral indentation and endolaser. 2% to 6. 21; ICD, Tenth Revision [ICD-10], H43. The PPP Panel members discussed and reviewed successive drafts of the document, meeting in person twice and conducting other review. Subjects: Patients in the IRIS registry found to have acute posterior vitreous detachment based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Ninth and Tenth Revision, codes were. Round hole of retina without detachment ICD-10 H33. 01 - other international versions of ICD-10 H43. Q14. Vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome is a potentially visually significant disorder of the vitreoretinal interface characterized by an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common ocular condition defined as the separation of the vitreous cortex from the internal limiting membrane of the retina [ 1 ]. 67041. H49-H52 Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular m. 729 to ICD-9-CM. By biomicroscopy, the. 811 may differ. Vitreous degeneration. 10 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to H43. 3211 may differ. As you get older, the fibers of your vitreous pull away from the retina. 811 H43. The purpose of this study is to image the wide-angle vitreoretinal interface after PVD in normal subjects using montaged OCT images. This was the first year ICD-10-CM was implemented into the HIPAA code set. 1: Cat-scratch disease: C71. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. 21 H43. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is defined as a separation between the. Vitreopapillary separation is the most common. 1 Classically, patients complain of increased floaters with a central floater temporal to the fovea corresponding to the. In subsequent years, Jules Gonin, MD, pioneered the first repair of retinal detachments in Lausanne, Switzerland. e. FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. H43. ICD-9-CM 361. Introduction. 8 per 10000 in Taiwan, [2] and may vary according to population characteristic, geography, and other factors. N. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is defined as separation of the posterior vitreous cortex from the inner limiting membrane of the retina. Posterior vitreous detachment presenting with pigmented cell or hemorrhage in the vitreous;. 1, 2 Vitreous is composed of collagen fibers (~0. This occurs as a result of adhesion between the vitreous gel and the retina. H43. Obtaining one or more of these diagnosis codes. Vitrectomy was completed. 3: Horseshoe tear of retina without detachment; ICD-9-CM: 361. 0): 124 Other. ICD-10 code H43. Retinal detachment is a condition in which the neurosensory retina is separated from the retinal pigment epithelium. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), also known as hyaloid detachment, occurs when the retinal layer and vitreous body /posterior hyaloid membrane dissociate, with an intervening fluid collection forming in the subhyaloid space. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a common ocular event presenting to both general ophthalmology and retinal clinics that can result in serious ocular pathology. 81) from July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018, along with common procedural technology codes of extended ophthalmoscopy. This study consisted of vitreous samples from 127 RRD patients (66 male and 61 female). by Sun Young (Sunny) Lee, MD, PhD on June 19, 2023. L vitreous floaters; Left vitreous floaters; Left vitreous opacity (eye condition); Vitreous opacity of left eye. Retinal detachment may occur as we get older. No additional charge is made for the removal of the oil. 39 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 02 became effective on October 1, 2023. 813 for Vitreous degeneration, bilateral is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -Disorders of vitreous body and. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H53. Additional risk factors for PVD include myopia (nearsighted- ness), trauma, and recent eye surgery such as a cataract operation. To keep the study set clean and focused explicitly on vitreous opacities in the absence of macular pathologic features, only eyes with a vitreous opacity ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code in the absence of other surgical retina codes like 362. In 80–90% of RRDs, the precipitating event is a retinal break associated with a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) 1. A 3D-image obtained with OCT from the right eye of a representative RRD-patient shows a large. 399 is a billable ICD-10-CM code that can be used for reimbursement purposes to indicate a diagnosis. 39 became effective on October 1, 2023. 39. What is the ICD 9 code for retinal detachment? 361. 1 In the absence of vitreoretinal dehiscence, gel liquefaction causes anomalous PVD, which. Vitreous Hemorrhage is a relatively common cause of acute vision loss, having an incidence of approximately 7 cases per 100,000 [1], 4. 81. 1 (Presence of intraocular lens; pseudophakia). 392 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Other vitreous opacities, left eye. H 40. Learn about the specific codes, clinical descriptions, and billing implications. For mechanical anterior vitrectomy see CPT codes 67005 & 67010. H43. 329 - other international versions of ICD-10 E11. 399 [convert to ICD-9-CM]ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. Bilateral posterior vitreous detachment; Bilateral posterior vitreous detachments; Bilateral vitreous degeneration; Bilateral vitreous detachments. Induction of complete posterior vitreous detachment is likely important because it potentially relieves unidentified tractional forces. 9 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 361. Idiopathic atrophic retinal hole is the most common presentation. H 33. 1), or vitreous detachment (H43. 399 472 results found. 51. The PPP Panel members discussed and reviewed successive drafts of the document, meeting in person twice and conducting2015 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 379. 541 Posterior synechiae, right eye 4. 2. 0):. 0. ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H27. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H43. 312 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 3 (billable) Disease An atrophic retinal hole is a break in the retina not associated with vitreoretinal traction. These include younger age (under 60 years), myopia with axial length greater than or equal to 25 mm, history of RD in the fellow eye, unplanned disruption of the posterior capsule, intraoperative vitreous loss, and incarceration of vitreous in the wound. To.