buying a sponsor unit in nyc. The highest Mansion Tax rate of 3. buying a sponsor unit in nyc

 
 The highest Mansion Tax rate of 3buying a sponsor unit in nyc  If you plan on financing, you should start looking at lenders and obtain a mortgage preapproval

330 E 38th Street UNIT 12-N, New York, NY 10016. When you buy a sponsor unit, you’ll often hear that you’re buying “unsold shares. RECOMMENDED IN SELL. The New York City Mansion Tax starts at 1% for purchases on/above $1 million and below $2 million. 8% of the initial mortgage principal (includes a 1. They didn't give a reason but I was told by the seller it was my proposed renovations (ventless washer/dryer combo unit, jacuzzi, ventless fireplace). Most New York City co-ops require buyers to put down 20-25% of the purchase price, about the same as what most lenders require these days. The exact amount will be dependent on the interest of each owner, in addition to the total assessed amount and the duration over which the assessment must be paid. 67 likes. Tudor City homes for sale. vacated and sold each year, and the sponsor's done much better overall with the post-conversion sales than on the initial 50%. For transactions that are $500,000 and higher, that rate goes up to 1. Sponsor units are free from many rules and restrictions, making it easier for buyers to close and move in. 519 E 87th St APT D, New York, NY 10128. The NYS Transfer Tax was raised in April 2019 to 0. If the building is not yet constructed, it will tell you what you are putting your money towards. In NYC real estate, a listing labeled “sponsor unit” means that the apartment is on the market for the first time. Special purpose acquisition companies, or SPACs, have been around in various forms for decades, but during the past two years they’ve taken off in the United States. Not all co-ops require board approval for renting. • Quicker buying process: There’s no board review or interview necessary when buying a sponsor unit, which makes the buying process much quicker and easier. -20% | -$700,000. 10018, or by. 8% of the initial mortgage principal (includes a 1. For many New York buyers, so-called "sponsor units" are some of the most desirable options in the city, in part because buying directly from a building's sponsor generally allows you to skip the typical. Nice perks: free rolling racks and shelves, climate-controlled units, package acceptance, and a free storage shuttle for you and your stuff. Here's why these units can be advantageous for NYC buyers. If you plan on financing, you should start looking at lenders and obtain a mortgage preapproval. The purchase price for new development may include: Sponsor’s attorney fees. The 'personal use' rule usually do not apply to units cooperatives that have a 'non-harassment' plan filed as part of the conversion. However, it is likely that you will have to pay the seller's transfer tax (usually around 1. For example, if you're buying a home in New York City, you will pay 1. In West Chelsea, this 1-bedroom HDFC unit is asking just $299K — significantly lower than average for the neighborhood. If you’ve been shopping for real estate in NYC, you may have encountered the phrase “sponsor unit. Once upon a time, you knew you had finally made it in New York City when you could afford to buy a penthouse apartment. 4% and 2. You might be able to organize with the other tenants into buying the whole building and going co-op, but that’s a huge undertaking. coop #507534. licensed real estate brokers licensed to do. Sponsor units can sometimes be found in new-development condos, in which case the developer. Common Misconceptions. #4FE) Prices are based on the U. It’s in One Manhattan Square, a building that will have a 75-foot swimming pool, a basketball court, a bowling alley, a squash court, and a golf simulator. Sales of cooperative. The New York State Office of the Attorney General has promulgated regulations that govern the offer and sale of interests in cooperatives and condominiums. 425 percent on purchases of $500,000 or more, plus a . In NYC real estate, a listing being labeled “sponsor unit” means the apartment is on the market for the first time. What does it mean and. Post A Rental Listing. Just note that while you save on the price, the monthly maintenance of $1,737 is on the high side. , #BA, up to $280,000—which is still, to anyone used to Manhattan prices, a good deal. How buying real estate in NYC is unlike anywhere else. Also I do not believe it is the Board who has power to decide what happens to a Sponsor Unit or who the Sponsor sell his unit to, for this you must consult your Offering Plan for the rules about selling non-eviction tenant units. Co-ops still make up a big percentage of housing in New York City—about 75%, according to brokers—and sponsor units are actually "unsold shares" in the building. (From a listing at 408 W. There are three people on the board, with the sponsor being one of them - all equal weighted votes. 4% of the sales price on all properties valued below $3 million and 0. 425% for sales of condos, co-ops and one- to three-family houses. New York rentals. There aren't that many 100%-sold co-ops. Homebuyers in New York City may be presented with the opportunity to purchase a “sponsor unit,” a type of property unique to New York City real estate. In a condo building, a sponsor co-op is a unit the developer owns and is offered for sale for the first time. 1 Bed. Find rego park properties for sale at the best price. Let’s assume that property taxes are 0. You pay NYC transfer taxes of 1% of the purchase price because it's under $500,000. Brooklyn Realty Specialists - Residential and Commercial Sales and Rentals, Condos and Co-Ops With Exceptional Service – Realty Collective. 1 bed. This is the reverse of a traditional private resale where sellers pay the Transfer Taxes and cover their own attorney fees. It’s located in The Harmony, a 16-unit boutique elevator condo building with a fitness center, parking garage, furnished roof deck, storage units, and bike storage. Co-op/Condo Abatement - Frequently Asked Questions. February sponsor contracts totaled $48. There's a condo that I'm interested in but it's been on the market for more than 2 years. Sale Contingency. There is an upside to buying a sponsor unit, most popular is that it usually is a co-op and with a sponsor. Manhattan Mini Storage offers access around the clock, 365 days a year, with no extra charge for bulky items. With mortgage rates at record lows, it’s a great time to buy an apartment in NYC. 65% on those valued over $3 million. Some co-ops allow for up to a 2- year period. 814 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY. Today we are talking about sponsor apartments. 4 billion in the the third quarter, 7% less than during the same period in 2022. A sponsor unit is an apartment in a building that’s still owned by the original builder/developer of the building (in the case of condos) or an owner of the building before it went co-op, who still holds “unsold” co-op shares. . NEW - 1 DAY AGO. 81-16 Langdale Street UNIT 250A, New Hyde Park, NY 11040. To negotiate a transaction that benefits both parties, work with a buyer's agent. In addition to the NYC transfer tax, New York State also applies a transfer tax on all properties sold within the state. Just note that while you save on the price, the monthly maintenance of $1,737 is on the high side. New York City co-op buyers who want to skip the board approval process have more sponsor co-op listings to choose from these days. REALTY QUEST NEW YORK INC. With 40 years of lending to buyers in New York City, NCB is the bank for co-ops. Whether you are buying a new development, a co-op, or a condo, your unit should already have an offering plan out there, ready for your perusal. Common Misconceptions. Glencore Plc will buy a majority stake in Teck Resources Ltd. Buying a sponsor unit in a converted co-op or condo means that the unit does not need to comply with co-op bylaws such as board approval or right of first refusal. The condo is a sponsor unit, so the builder hasn't sold it yet. A buyer of a unit in a building or group of buildings that is under construction should first understand that the text of the offering plan governs the sponsor's obligation regarding the size and construction of the buildings, units and any ancillary spaces such as recreational facilities, parking spaces, or roof top cabanas, to name a few. Transfer taxes (sponsor co-op and new condo buyers only): If you buy a brand-new condo or a co-op directly from the sponsor, you may also wind up paying a NYC transfer tax of 1 percent of the purchase price on purchases is $500,000 or less and 1. He has finished a postdoctoral schedule at Columbia University and has acknowledged adenine new job in New York City. Sort: Homes for You. If you're a townhouse buyer looking to gain some extra square footage, and don't need the income from rental units, you should begin the process of conversion by hiring an architect to draw up plans for turning the property into a single-family. Yep they can be pricey. Yes sponsor rights can be sold. There have been some past sales in the building but it is probably still majority rental. If you prefer to use a map view, click See all neighborhoods and select neighborhoods directly from. The advantage of buying a sponsor unit in a co-op is that you get to bypass the board interview. 4% for homes sold under $500,000, 1. Brick has found that listings of these apartments are up about 50 percent from before the pandemic. Financing Contingency. 2. The New York City transfer tax sits at 1% of the sales price for homes worth $500,000 or less. 📅 Stay informed and up to date with what is going on in your city - whether or not you are ready to start a real estate transaction, the information we provide can help you make smart decisions. The pandemic upended New York City’s real estate market,. 1 bath. How buying real estate in NYC is unlike anywhere else. By virtue of the fact that these are sponsor units, no board approval is required for these co-ops. Here’s a hypothetical example: You own a 2-bedroom apartment in a 90-unit co-op building on the Upper East. The two bedroom, three bath, 515 West 29th St. $749,210. The earlier you have this, the better. You can find this luxury amenity at new developments like Jolie at 77 Greenwich St. The exact amount will be dependent on the interest of each owner, in addition to the total assessed amount and the duration over. For instance, if you're buying a $1 million dollar property and taking out an $800,000 mortgage, you'd be taxed on the full amount of the loan at a rate of 1. $859,000. Listing by E Realty International Corp. Ariel Property Advisors. The lowest rate of 1% applies to purchases at or above $1 million and less than $2 million. Also, some co-ops and condos management boards will not let a unit go for under what they deem an exceptable threshhold (they have the option to buy the unit themselves and then resell it). But if you have a great rent-stabilized unit, make it work! There are some other options you can try in the meantime: Install window inserts, glass or custom ones using soundproof material, seal gaps along windows with acoustic caulk, hang sound-dampening curtains to block outside noise, Install double-cell shades. The sponsor is simply the developer or builder of a new construction or re-development project. coop . The tax is as high as 3. Equal Housing Lender. The OP needs to find out exactly which of units the sponsor owns. Q What should a buyer be aware of when purchasing a sponsor unit in a prewar co-op?. 17. From offer to signed contract takes five to 10 days depending on the market. Exceptions include sponsor units that were held aside by the developer after the building. The 4,600-square-foot unit had an asking price of $13. LISTING BY: E REALTY INTERNATIONAL CORP. lower_nyc. 1 bath. If you live in a co-op building, then you will most likely need coop board approval unless you are the sponsor and you are renting out a sponsor unit. The big advantage of a sponsor co-op--and the reason they are so sought-after--is that buyers do not. One of the most desirable towers in Midtown East’s stately Tudor City complex, this 24-hour doorman building is equipped with on-site laundry and a 2,000-square-foot, recently updated gym with river views. If you are paying transfer taxes, the sponsor’s attorney fees and for your share. NO FEE – No Board Approval – Sponsor unit Beautiful fully renovated Studio apartment at 5 Tudor Place. The fees & closing costs associated with buying a co-op in NYC are approximately 1-2% of the purchase price. Buying a Sponsor Unit in NYC: Up to 2% When Buying in NYC: Buying Guide; Foreclosure center; Real estate app; Down payment assistance; Find a buyer's agent; Rent Open Rent sub-menu. The attraction of buying a furnished sponsor unit is that the furniture has been selected by a professional designer and has not been used by anyone else. Online searches for sponsor co-ops, which are exempt from co-op board approval, currently bring up more than 300 listings, up about 50 percent since before the pandemic, Brick Underground finds. 075% depending on the property’s price. Homes for Sale. What is the Benefit of Buying a Sponsor Apartment? Since most buildings in New York were converted into co-ops years ago, the opportunity to buy a co-op unit that has never. The commercial NYC Transfer Tax rate is 1. In the past month, 2 homes have been sold in 10453. T. Among more than 16,200 new condo units built since 2013 in New York City, roughly 4,100, or one in four, remain unsold. So, what is a sponsor unit anyway? Essentially, it's a unit that's never been sold. 9 million. The earlier you have this, the better. , 75 Wall Street, and Greenwich West at 110 Charlton Street. 62-54 97th Pl Unit 14B. No. 425 to 1. Each listing provides the specific income limits that the HDFC. Board Approval Contingency. 2. 2. A sponsor unit is an apartment in a building that’s still owned by the original builder/developer of the building. 425% for sales of $500k or more. For example, a two-bedroom apartment may hold 250 shares in a cooperative, while a one-bedroom apartment expresses 150 shares. Additionally, buyers might be responsible for paying the sponsor's lawyer. 8% of the initial mortgage principal (includes a 1. 4, 2013. Yes exactly. What is a sponsor unit? What are the advantages to buying a sponsor apartment in New York City? What are the negatives to. Browse photos, see new properties, get open house info, and research neighborhoods on Trulia. Main Menu. Mortgages of one to three family houses and individual residential condo units with initial loan balances of $500,000 or more. NYC Transfer Tax Calculator; Capital Gains Tax Calculator; Co-op Flip Tax Calculator; Rent Menu Toggle. ”. According to attorney Aaron Shmulewitz, a partner with the New York City-based law firm of Belkin Burden Wenig & Goldman, LLP, a sponsor unit is an. For more information, call 347-846-2421. You can report building occupancy that goes against its authorized use or past conversion to a room, space, apartment, or building that was done without DOB approval. The details of the transaction need to be worked out and due diligence needs to come back clean. Getting an accepted offer is the first big step in buying apartment. by REW November 23, 2020 November 23, 2020 0 4260. If you were buying an apartment for $1,000,000, that would add approximately $18,000 onto the purchase price. Sold 10/31/22. Mansion tax. out this great listen on Audible. NYS Tenant and Neighbors Coalition 212-608-4320. A sponsor co-op apartment is one that is owned by a building's original owner or the corporation responsible for converting the building from a rental into a co-op. Hey showtime, you avoid the major ones by buying a coop at this price point. Marketing for sale Sponsor (& Re-sale) Units in NYC. 125% New York City tax) All other mortgages with initial loan balances of $500,000 or more. When buying a brand new condo or a co-op directly from the developer (also known as a sponsor), expect to pay a New York City transfer tax of 1% of the sales price on purchases greater than $500,000. 2. A sponsor unit is an apartment in a co-op or condo that the developer or investor has retained after selling the other units. , managing partner at Woods Lonergan PLLC, a Manhattan-based law firm that concentrates on real estate and in particular, buyer, seller, and cooperative and condominium representation. NYC Real Property Transfer Tax, $ If price $499,999 then 1%. 81-05 35th Avenue UNIT 1J, Jackson Heights, NY 11372. 175% of the initial mortgage principal (includes a 1. A guide to using a no-fee renovation loan from a NYC real estate firm. Negotiating the deposit. 5Bath on the 4th floor of an elevator building. How buying real estate in NYC is unlike anywhere else. and filed with the New York City Register. And it is a mistake to sign on the dotted line unless you truly understand the particulars of buying here, such as tax abatements, sponsor units, and the big one: The difference between a co-op and a condo. . Rent. If the former, I don’t think it's possible to buy just one unit. CONS: • Higher closing costs: New York City and State have transfer taxes of 1. Part of a larger network of over 200 Food Scrap Drop-off sites in NYC, the GrowNYC Compost Program currently. Compass. A sponsor is a person or business entity starting a condo or co-op through conversion or as new construction. According to the StreetEasy Data Dashboard, as of November 2022, the median asking price for a home in each. This Kips Bay one-bedroom, one-bath unit is in an investment-friendly co-op building, which allows subletting from day one. The sponsor is selling 2 similar studio units for $565K and $575K, without Board approval. It typically takes between two to three months to close on a sponsor co-op apartment in NYC. 65% for properties over $3 million. Most Common Contingencies in NYC Real Estate Purchase Contracts. The lower rate applies to sales of $500k and below. Liquidity refers to the cash you have on hand, and co-ops typically do have liquidity requirements for people who want to buy a unit. This two-bedroom one-bath in a prewar co-op in Prospect Heights is a sponsor unit (so no co-op interview required!), and despite that significant selling point, doesn't seem to be significantly marked up. CONS: • Higher closing costs: New York City and State have transfer taxes of 1. Co-op in Turtle Bay. With fewer residences, these co-ops or condos offer greater community involvement and decision-making power. On market Nov 27. Queens homes for sale. (For sales under $500,000, the mortgage recording tax rate is 1. Buyer Closing Credit. Buyer Closing Credit; Search for Listings; Closed Buy;. 5-2% of. Submit the Board Application Package. The argument for buying is even more persuasive in a market with low mortgage rates. The pandemic upended New York City’s real estate market,. ”. Although a co-op will not reject your application for a sponsor unit, they may require the submission of an abbreviated board application for the purposes of verifying your assets. There may be case by case downsides but your lawyer will advise you. 25 per square foot in common charges 1, and that the property is 700 square feet. It s… 50 Sponsor Apartments: Pros and Cons - The Real Estate Broads of New York (podcast) |. Other perks of buying directly from a sponsor can be lower cost or a. A condo or condominium is real property unlike a co-op. It seems too good to be true but you wonder what is a sponsor apartment, do I own it the sam. Midtown East | Cooperative | 2 Bedrooms, 1 Bath. Online searches for sponsor co-ops, which are. If you’re financing the Coop, you can expect it to take 8. The lowest rate of 1% applies to purchases at or above $1 million and less than $2 million. The first step in buying a condo in NYC will be setting a budget for your purchase. 75% New York. Buy Menu Toggle. . Buy Open Buy sub-menu. Listing by Alexander Madison Realty Inc. ”. This seems like an issue you’ve been asking all over Reddit this past week. Listing by EXP Realty. it depends on what is written into the offering plan. Compass Exclusives. See pricing and listing details of Forest Hills real estate for sale. Spectacular 14th floor one bedroom condo with private balcony and Manhattan skyline views. The NYC Mansion Tax consists of 8 individual tax brackets. 2 bedrooms. 405 215 E 24th Street New York, NY 10010. 10% of annual maintenance (1st year) 20% of annual maintenance (2nd year) 25% of annual maintenance (3rd year) Annual sublet renewal fee — many coops in NYC will charge shareholders an fixed ‘annual sublet renewal fee’. 05% of the initial mortgage principal (includes a 1% New York City tax). The benefits of buying into a. A CO or certificate of occupancy specifies how a building may be used, how it's zoned, and how many residences are permitted. New Construction. WELL. and filed with the New York City Register. A downside to buying a sponsor condo is that the buyer pays the New York State and New York City transfer taxes. SOLD NOV 17, 2023. Buying a sponsor unit in a converted co-op or. We also have a blog post that goes in-depth on the topic - check it out!Great article defining a sponsor unit and illustrating both the pros and cons of purchasing one. 1ba. - Condo for sale. Your attorney will provide this and detail some important protections you must know before deciding to buy. But a sponsor is not prevented from voting its percentage of common interests for unit owners who have similar views, as long as the unit owners are not on the sponsor's payroll or otherwise given money by the sponsor. Nuances to Buying a Sponsor Unit Co op in NYC. That depends on the sponsor, building and has to be discussed with your real estate attorney. Please reach out to me with any questions. The 'personal use' rule usually do not apply to units cooperatives that have a 'non-harassment' plan filed as part of the conversion. Sponsor units in NYC are more commonly found in co-op buildings that once operated as rental properties. Simple answer -- when they were sold to an individual buyer, they were no longer sponsor units. Transfer taxes (sponsor co-op and new condo buyers only): If you buy a brand-new condo or a co-op directly from the sponsor, you may also wind up paying a NYC transfer tax of 1 percent of the purchase price on purchases is $500,000 or less and 1. Main Menu. It makes sense to buy. Financing: If a sponsor holds a significant chunk of the building shares — usually 50 percent or more — banks and mortgage lenders are going to pass. primary residence). This condo overlooking the High Line comes with a rather startling deal: Two free years of common charges. Illegal conversion is when an existing residential or commercial building has been changed to create an additional room, space, or unit without first. No board approval required; Tend to be renovated; Cons of buying sponsor unit in NYC. If you’re interested in purchasing an apartment in a condominium building and wondering how to do it, this comprehensive guide will walk you through the process. in rare instances, the offering plan allows an investor to purchase bulk and retain sponsor privileges. $139,000. RECOMMENDED IN. Finally, a co-op charges a monthly maintenance , which includes the salaries of the superintendent and doormen, the cost of the building’s mortgage and property taxes, as well as water. If the residents were in their 30s or 40s back then, they are now in their 70s and 80s. John Gasdaska and Jonathan Conlon are expert, experienced brokers and they are ready to help you buy or sell your piece of NYC real estate. the New York Telephone Company in 1929, has been emphatic. 4 All checks for closing adjustments aggregating in excess of $2,500. 5 million. A sponsor unit is an apartment in a co-op or condo that the developer or investor has retained after selling the other units. It has a four-and-a-half star rating with 1,202 customer reviews. Below, see the insights we learned from the team based on their years of experience advising New Yorkers in. The sponsor will still need to assess your finances but as long as your offer is accepted—and assuming you can get a mortgage—the apartment is yours. Zillow has 187 homes for sale in New York NY matching Sponsor Unit. Pros and Cons of Buying A Sponsor Unit. Here are articles about sponsor unit in the New York City area. Total NYC & NYS Seller Transfer Tax rates in NYC are 1. Common charges are $355 a month. And if you’re blessed enough to be buying a sponsor unit,. If you plan on buying a home in New York,. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla345 East 57th Street, #16B$895,000. Each apartment owner will be required to pay the assessment. ” What's Next? As with anything that involves a major investment or purchase, it's important for the potential buyer of a. Buy Open Buy sub-menu. (Estimated Timeframe: 30-45 Days) Necessary: When buying in a New Development or a Sponsor Sale, please disregard this step. licensed real estate brokers licensed to do business in New York. Skip main navigation. Top floor apartment with lots of sunlight, ample closets and hardwood flooring under the carpeting. Top podcasts; Episodios; Podcasts; Iniciar Contraseña; Registrarse;. Q Our building is 75 percent shareholders, 25 percent sponsor units (renters). Aren’t New Developments Technically Sponsor Units? New developments are technically sponsor units, but NYC brokers don’t refer to them as such – they’re just called new developments. Unlike market-rate units, annual rent increases for rent-stabilized apartments are capped, so if landlords with these types of units raise rents at lease renewal time, they are limited to increases of a few percentage. 98-120 Queens Boulevard, Unit 4G. licensed real estate brokers licensed to do. , buying will most likely always make more sense than renting. Set Your Price Range. 5-2% of. This can be a tedious process as some co-op boards will require potential sublessees to fill out the same lengthy co-op board application as prospective purchasers in the building. View 456 homes for sale in Forest Hills, NY at a median listing home price of $399,000. A grown child buying an apartment for a parent presents some unique challenges. As a result, you are buying a sponsor unit from the building’s original developer or company rather than the previous owner. 84% of the purchase price. mortgage or a sponsor’s failing to pay maintenance on unsold shares, it is important to act swiftly. $139,000 plus. Jul 12, 2019 - Explore Team Hauseit's board "Buying a Home in NYC" on Pinterest. The annual rent of a 2-bedroom apartment in NYC (approx. Since owners of co-op apartments are technically tenants vs owners of real property, the board of the co-op corporation which actually owns the building has enormous power over the residents. 65% on sales by $3m. “This is mainly because New York City and New York State have transfer taxes that will be paid by a purchaser instead of the seller when buying from a sponsor,” says Halstead’s Liao. A sponsor unit is a type of apartment unit, typically found in condominiums (condos) and co-ops. Sponsor unit - no board approval required. That. The two new laws are New York State Tax Law §1409 and New York Administrative Code §11-2105. (Though sponsor units do have their downsides, as well. . it depends on what is written into the offering plan. $40,000) is the down payment of a house almost anywhere outside N. The apartment, which is in a 31-unit building that is still selling sponsor units, has steadily improved in value. 05% Mortgage Recording Tax (on loan amount) since it’s a coop and not a mortgage. 2. RE: Hefetz to Olivieri Apt. Rising interest from overseas investors should put homegrown NYC buyers on alert. 3. SPONSOR UNIT with NO Board Approval and only 10% down! This spacious and sun-drenched unit features a beautiful. The asking price for the sponsor unit was $5. ft. If there is no "owner" and you are either dealing with a sponsor or with a lawyer if it is being sold by an estate, then you can start much lower. 1 ba. New York City has about 75,000 pieds-a-terre. 4) transfer tax to New York state. That’s because buyers are expected to pay city and state transfer taxes on co-op sponsor sales. Street View. Buy smart: Before you buy a new or pre-construction condo in NYC, get the answers to these essential questions. National Cooperative Bank offers competitive rates and easy pre-qualification. If you’re planning on buying a co-op in New York City, you’ve probably heard of the dreaded coop board application and subsequent interview. 075%. HDFC buildings were created in the 70s, and 80s to allow tenants to break free from their “slumlords” to form cooperative buildings. Due to a change in state law, the Cooperative and Condominium Property Tax Abatement has changed for tax year 2022-23 (which begins July 1, 2022) and subsequent tax years. The Business Corporation Law (BCL) is the main New York State law which governs how most co-ops must operate, with court decisions providing the case law which interprets the statute. A “The tenant/shareholders in a housing cooperative are bound by the proprietary lease, bylaws, rules and regulations,” says Albert Pennisi of the law firm of Pennisi Daniels Norelli in Rego Park, Queens.