Zipcar mileage allowance. 45/mile surcharge when you exceed the limit. Zipcar mileage allowance

 
45/mile surcharge when you exceed the limitZipcar mileage allowance  You must follow the relevant withholding and reporting requirements to allow your employees to correctly complete their income tax return

How far can you drive a Zipcar? Zipcar mileage rules. The simplest mileage reimbursement arrangement is to use a flat rate per kilometre driven. 45p for the first 10,000 business miles. 5 cents from the rate for 2021, 18 cents per mile driven for medical, or moving purposes for qualified active-duty members of the Armed Forces, up 2 cents from the rate for. The claims for reimbursement of NIC effectively provide for a mirroring of. Every month, each employee’s mileage is multiplied by the IRS mileage rate ($0. Other fees, such as a young driver fee, may apply. That's what the ATO’s rate does; it is meant to cover both the costs of owning (fixed costs) and driving (variable costs) your vehicle for business-related travel. In order to give benefits to these employees government raises the rates of travelling allowance per mileage. 58. View a printable version of the whole guideOption 2: Mileage Allowance. Employees driving their personal car. 49 x VAT fraction (VAT rate divided by 100 + VAT rate) The cost. Note Pay-Per-Mile cars and. Don’t worry if you use multiple vehicles. Car2go has a similar pricing model. You would need to get a membership in advance. 5 to 65. In the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, there is an additional 4¢ per kilometre allowed for travel. Representative 48-month Fiat 500 deal. If you're thinking of joining Zipcar, visit our 'rates and plans' page to see which membership plan is best for you. mileage rates • Continuously evaluate travel & relocation policies. 22 cents per mile for medical and moving purposes. Choose a tax-free car allowance in 2024. These cars are available from £3/hour and £33/day and are best used for short local trips. Example. There’s no equivalent to Mileage Allowance Relief (MAR) for passenger payments. Along with cars, vans, pickup trucks, or panel trucks powered by gasoline and diesel, the current IRS mileage rates also apply to hybrid and electric. There are also Zipcar mileage limits for short-term rentals, and Turo mileage limits as well. 58. These sections include: An introduction to the policy and the company’s values. You must follow the relevant withholding and reporting requirements to allow your employees to correctly complete their income tax return. Some membership plans may limit insurance options. 50 at 20%). Take our example: If you travel 17,000 business miles in your car, the mileage deduction for the year would be £6,250 (10,000 miles x 45p + 7,000 miles x 25p). University Travel Policy. 18 USD /hr - 113 USD /day. Prices do not include additional mileage fees. A vehicle allowance is generally a set amount that your employer pays in addition to your regular salary or wage each pay period. 20p. 2. A company paying a mileage reimbursement will set a cents-per-mile rate (such as the IRS business rate of $. 20p. In Switzerland, there is no uniform flat rate that applies to all companies. Streatham. For the final 6 months of 2022, the standard mileage rate for business travel will be 62. In 2023, the milage rates were revaluated by 5. Car or goods vehicle (up to 10,000 miles) 45p. Find flexibility and savings with an IRS-compliant Tax-Free Car Allowance, a benefit that fits your team. 25p. Engine 1400cc or less – 15 pence per mile (petrol) and 9 pence per mile (LPG)When a member and dependents relocate on a service member’s PCS move, MALT reimbursement is authorized for two POCs, if used. What is the mileage claim rate for 2022? The mileage claim rate for 2022 is 45p per mile for the first 10,000 miles and 25p per mile after that. 14 per mile. 5 cents, up 3 cents from the 2022 midyear adjustment of 62. There's never a limit on how far you can drive your Zipcar, but there is a limit on how many of those miles are included in your trip. You may review your total estimated reservation cost before you confirm your reservation. This means that car and van drivers can claim back up to the ‘approved amount’ of 45p from HMRC for every mile travelled for business use, up to 10,000 miles. Approved mileage rates for the first 10,000 business miles in a single tax year: Cars and vans: 45p. 60 miles each day With each booking you get 60 miles of driving free each day of your rental, then every mile after is charged at £0. There is no mileage limit on reservations in our vehicles (both Roundtrip and Flex). Mileage Allowance: The maximum c overage on any pay-per-minu te plan for any vehicle is 150 kilometers. 2. Fuel Fuel is on us! The fuel card and. Tips are not reimbursable. 25p. Also known as vehicle allowances, they’re simple to implement and easy to keep track of. Mitsubishi. Other fees may apply. Rate. Based on 4 documents. The employee then receives the lesser of the car allowance amount and the mileage rate multiplied by the mileage. As you calculate your company car allowance or mileage rate for 2024, keep in mind the following three pressure points for employees who drive personal vehicles for work: 1. S. 4 Approved Mileage Allowance Payments (AMAPs) Mileage rates for the kind of vehicle used Use the appropriate rates as shown in the table at section 3 on page 1 Enter the rate for the first 10,000 business miles in box 1 and the rate for each business mile over 10,000 miles in box 2 First 10,000 business milesHow much does Zipcar cost? Zipcar membership costs $9 a month or $90 a year. Once the odometer goes past 10,000 miles, the rate drops to 25p per mile. ** No convictions or accidents in the past 5 years. Whether you're looking for manual, automatic, petrol or electric Zipcar is the easy way to rent a car in London. At the end of the day, the definition of FAVR is a mileage reimbursement program or car allowance; which replaces company-owned fleets and taxable car allowances to reimburse employee-owned fleets, tax-free. If an employer uses this rate, then all that their employees must do is log their mileage when they drive. 20p per mile. Pricing – Zipcar Review. Do not subtract your reimbursement if it was included on your W-2 as taxable income. 20p. 5 cents per mile in 2020, down from 58 cents per mile in 2019. 5p per passenger per business mile for carrying fellow employees in a car or van on journeys which are also work journeys for them. HMRC publish and. 5 cents per mile; Medical: 17 cents per mile. The current mileage rates vary according to the type of vehicle (i. White City. Section 5704 - Mileage and related allowances (a) (1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government is entitled to a rate per mile established by the Administrator of General Services, instead of the actual expenses of transportation, for the use of a privately owned automobile when that mode of transportation. 25p for each business mile after the threshold of 10,000 miles. Use of a POV (cont. S. Rental covers gas, insurance and up to 180 free miles/day. New Revised Rates. 625) per mile from July 1–December 31. The average car allowance in the USA was $575 in 2021. 31, 2022. 1, 2022 - 62. 3. Actual prices may vary. That's what the ATO’s rate does; it is meant to cover both the costs of owning (fixed costs) and driving (variable costs) your vehicle for business-related travel. Total Expenses. 99/month or $111. A mileage allowance covers the costs of fuel and wear and tear for business journeys. The automobile allowance rates for 2023 are: 68¢ per kilometre for the first 5,000 kilometres driven. The IRS's cap for the standard vehicle in 2023 is set at $60,800. Compare ZipCar, Turo, Enterprise CarShare, etc with pros/cons, features & pricing. 874, for an example ofBy using a Zipcar you could be using one of our cars from as little as £3 an hour. For motorcycles and bikes, the rates are the same for all travel — it’s always 24p for motorcycles and 20p for bikes. Watch how it works Becoming a Zipcar member Applying is as easy as 1,2,3. It reimburses your employees for the business use of their personal vehicle. This rate applies to miles that meet specific criteria driven for the business use of a vehicle and. 4. At the end of every year, the IRS sets a federal mileage reimbursement rate for the next year. Talk about a drastic difference. So, if your qualifying mileage for the year is 15,000 miles, you could claim: £4500 (10,000 miles x 45 pence) + £2250 (5000 miles x 25 pence) = £6750 total. The standard mileage rate will increase to 62. The University of Maryland's travel policies are intended to facilitate travel and travel arrangements; to provide reimbursement for necessary expenses; and to protect travelers against the risk of loss while simultaneously maintaining the necessary controls for accountability. He incurs expenses of £1,000 a year travelling to away. 02/- Per KG Per KM. Mileage pay reimburses you and your employees for a variety of car-related expenses that are incurred when the vehicle is used for business travel. 585 the following would be the relevant calculations:A non-refundable $25. Military members with dependents usually see anywhere from $700 -$1,000 extra in DLA. The new HMRC mileage rates for the 2023/2024 tax year are: For cars and vans. It doesn’t mean the lease company is going to be checking to see if customers are meeting their monthly or annual allowances. The mileage allowance is neither subject to social security contributions nor to payroll tax. Sec. In conclusion, these are the best car rental apps that make hitting the open road an enjoyable and hassle-free experience. 2. 5 cents per mile to 62. 78 / km. £1,048 per month. International driver? 1. Fixed costs are. Claim for: Business mileage allowance at HMRC rate – 45p/mile up to 10,000 miles, then 25p/mile. 2023 Allowable Mileage Rate. The taxable benefit is therefore £1,200 (4,800 – 3,600). carSHAiR. See more details. However, trusts and organisations can. 5 cents per mile. Book Roundtrip cars and vans up to a year in advance, perfect for longer trips. 5 cents per mile driven for business use, up 3 cents from the. 5 cents per mile, theCommon questions related to CRA Mileage Rates in 2023 and Tax-Free Vehicle Allowances For Business Travel relate to eligibility criteria for claiming deductions on taxes relating to business trips; applicability of different rates in various provinces/territories; use of technology tools for tracking expenses; etc. 00 application fee applies when you submit your Zipcar application. If you pay your employee an allowance based on a per-kilometre rate that is considered reasonable, do not deduct CPP contributions, EI premiums, or income tax. Standard mileage rate. 20p for bicycles regardless of miles. Becoming a Zipcar member Applying is as easy as 1,2,3. If you drive over the 60 miles, mileage charges will apply at £0. Mileage Allowance Payments (480: Appendix 3) How to tax mileage payments for employees (480: Chapter 16) Incidental overnight expenses (480: Appendix 8)This allowance is for those military members whose PCS orders change after they’ve already relocated. It does not matter if. Learn about Zipcar monthly or annual rental car rates and find a membership that fits your lifestyle. You DO need to keep records to prove that you used your vehicle for work for the number of km claimed. With Zipcar locations across the globe, chances are there is a car share near you! Find out if Zipcar is available in your city, and become a member today. On June 9, 2022, the IRS announced an increase in the optional standard mileage rate for the final six months of 2022 due to soaring gas price increases. 5704, which does not specify the method to be used in computing mileage, but provides for such allowances for employees' use of privately owned vehicles while engaged on official business under regulations prescribed pursuant to 5 U. Beginning on January 1, 2022, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car (also vans, pickups or panel trucks) will be: 58. A mileage reimbursement varies based on how much you drove. It will be added to your salary. The first thing to note is that there are different rates depending on the type of vehicle you own. 1, 2022, employees can claim 58. The amount the employee receives depends on a number of factors, including the type of vehicle they are using, the distance they have driven and their salary. Monthly Amount. Driving. He is also separately employed as coach to the local youth football team, for which he is paid £100 a year. , you drove fewer miles to the alternate work site than you normally drive to yourLeased vehicles must use the standard mileage rate method for the entire lease period (including renewals) if the standard mileage rate is chosen. How Zipcar Works. Durham. The standard allowances for up to 10,000 miles and after 10,000 miles are outlined below. The level of allowance for mileage above applies to use of an employee’s private vehicle for business. For a contractor with a vehicle that has done under 10,000 miles, a mileage log for one business journey might look like this: Time: 9 AM. When you’re ready to drive, use the app to navigate to the car and just tap the app to. Your employer might still require you to keep a log. In fact, an extra 2,000 miles could end up. FTR § 301-11. Reserve cars by the hour or by the day. UChicago Guest Travel Airline Ticket Request Authorization. This is up three cents from the mid-year increase that set the rate for the second half of 2022 at 62. This is not the first time that rates have increased. 5 cents per mile (a 3-cent increase from the 62. Firstly, the exact cost of Zipcar varies from city to city, but generally speaking, the pricing is quite affordable. 50/-per mileage. Driving with Zipcar has its perks. ‍. towing of any trailer or other vehicle; To get started, consider opting for their modest monthly membership. The Notice also covers the impact of. Prev; Next; Sitemap. The payment you give is known as a company car allowance. The following table summarizes the optional standard mileage rates for employees, self-employed individuals, or other taxpayers to use in computing the deductible costs of operating an automobile for business, charitable, medical, or moving expense purposes. L. An employee is entitled to per diem travel as long as they were on travel status for a. S. Section 231 ITEPA 2003. In addition to the cost of Zipcar membership and driving rates, other fees and fines may apply. For details of their tax-saving products please visit or call 01233 653500. Once the odometer goes past 10,000 miles, the rate drops to 25p per mile. Up to 25p per mile is possible depending on engine size and fuel type. The Basics How do hourly & daily rates work? Hourly & Daily Rates Most vehicles have hourly and daily rates which vary by day of the week. Case Western Reserve University and Enterprise Mobility have finalized their agreement to reintroduce Enterprise Carshare for CWRU students and employees. FAVR is a sanctioned program by the IRS in. 1, 2023, those rates are $107 for lodging and $59 for meals. Motorcycles. Section 230(2) ITEPA 2003. 24p per business mile for motorcycles. For companies feeling financial pressure to end their company car program, a mileage reimbursement might seem like a better option than offering a car allowance. On the other hand, if you own an electric car. 10 x 2 (to create a round-trip) = $16. What Is The 2023 HMRC Car Allowance Mileage Rate? The official mileage rates are 45p-per-mile for the first 10,000 business miles per year, dropping to 25p-per-mile for any mileage above this figure. See more details. 81 for special responsibilities, £7,950 civic. Learn how you can apply these mileage rates in your Rydoo account here. In short, you can drive up to 360 miles in a Zipcar. Also, you can save money by booking the car for 3 hours. Mileage Allowance: A deduction of automobile expenses for people using their vehicles for business, charity, moving, medical or any other purpose that qualifies for a deduction. All additional mileage will be billed at $0. The tax credit can increase up to $7,500 depending on the following: The kilowatt capacity. 20p. 20p. Mileage Allowance means an allowance calculated on the distance travelled and given to an employee to meet the cost of a particular journey. Bicycles. What is the purpose of this bulletin ? This bulletin announces changes to the POV mileage reimbursement rates as determined by the yearly mileage rate study. By joining the $25 pilot plan, member will receive a 15% discount on all driving rates, included Premium Damage Waiver Protection (typically $12. These rates differ depending on the province you live in and the total mileage being claimed. 24p. Bikes. If you have any questions or comments concerning this Travel Guide, please contact the Governor's Travel Control Board at (217) 782-4705, e-mail Lexi. 4 Approved Mileage Allowance Payments (AMAPs) Mileage rates for the kind of vehicle used Use the appropriate rates as shown in the table at section 3 on page 1 Enter the rate for the first 10,000 business miles in box 1 and the rate for each business mile over 10,000 miles in box 2 First 10,000 business milesA car allowance, also known as a flat-rate vehicle allowance, is money you receive from your employer on a regular basis. The mileage allowance rate for the 2022/2023 tax year remains at the following rate: 45p for the first 10,000 miles for business-purposes. Additionally, the 2022 mileage rate for medical or moving purposes for qualified active duty members of the Armed Forces increased to 22¢ per mile, up from 18¢ for the first 6 months of 2022. Fuel! And 60 miles each [email protected] rate that applied during the second half of 2022—see our Checkpoint article ). You can search for Pay-Per-Mile cars by selecting them using the. 18 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes, up 2 cents from 2021. However, the same employee uses the company car for personal use for 500 miles per year. The cents per kilometre reimbursement. And they aren’t alone. Purpose: This item revises the Mileage Rates Frequently Asked. The amount is tax-free if it does not exceed the IRS standard mileage rate of 65. A 20p per mile bicycle mileage allowance for business trips; Cycle training for adults. Business. 23 Vans & SUV 6 Passenger. Mileage claims for electric vehicle trips, however, should be recorded using the rates relevant to car engine capacity 1201cc-1500cc. 5 cents per mile. Purposes (Relocation Allowances) 1. Section 5707. Search for a car. 5 cents per mile in 2022). Paperless. Notice 2023-03 PDF contains the optional 2023 standard mileage rates, as well as the maximum automobile cost used to calculate the allowance under a fixed and variable rate (FAVR). Reservations include 60 free miles per day, with a day representing each 24-hour period. So employees get to keep the full amount of the. Book cars on demand by the hour or day. Afterwards, the rate is 25p per mile. as Uber, Lyft, or Zipcar. How Zipcar Works. The mileage allowance on the other hand is 45p up to 10,000 miles and 25p thereafter. PAYE tax rate. Pay-Per-Mile cars do not include mileage within the hourly/daily rate and each mile is charged at 29p/mile. 00/year), and allotted mileage of 400 miles per day (as opposed to the standard 180 miles per day). So a driver covering 12,000 miles in a year could claim £. For more information please contact us at motorpool@oregonstate. Anything beyond that and you’re charged $0. Daily rates also vary on the same factors. 5 cents (0. Businesses and their employees may rely upon federal per-diem tables and mileage allowances to report meal and travel expenses rather than documenting specific costs. 625) per mile from July 1–December 31. For motorcycles and cycles the rate is the same before and after 10,000 miles: 24p for motorcycles and 20p for cycles. Alternatively, to claim vehicle costs using the simplified expenses method, you must:Mileage rates in the US. In the same vein, how much does a Zipcar for two days cost? A Zipcar membership costs $7 per month or $70 per year, whichever is greater. Car-sharing services, such as. The University of Maryland's travel policies are intended to facilitate travel and travel arrangements; to provide reimbursement for necessary expenses; and to protect travelers against the risk of loss while simultaneously maintaining the necessary controls for accountability. The IRS sees car allowances as a form of compensation rather than a reimbursement for travel. The answer here states that MAR can be claimed where employees are in receipt of a Car Allowance. All driving employees receive the same monthly stipend. Here are a few. 1 to June 30. 5 cents (0. Employees should not claim a full mileage allowance if they use a company car. With. 29. A San Francisco-based tech company will pay a different rate than a small business located in Ohio. If you drive over 60 miles, a charge of £0. §5707, the U. How old must I be to book a Zipvan, luxury, and other specialty cars? Is there a maximum or minimum booking length? What local taxes might be associated with my trip? Why was. All reservations offer you 180 “free” miles, with 20-mile allowances for each hour you rent the car beyond 24 hours, up to 180 miles. Tax-free car mileage allowance : official scale. 23 Vans & SUV 6 Passenger. 5 cents per mile for. Hourly rates vary from city to city and increase with higher-end vehicles. 5 cents (0. Mileage. Consider what percentage. How to Choose a Flight. There are 3 bands: Up to 5,000 km; From 5,001 km to 20,000 km; More than 20,000 km. 22 cents per mile for medical or moving purposes. 5 cents per mile in 2017. 14 cents per mile driven in. After revising the new rates of travelling allowance for the public transport is rupees 3. The official mileage allowance can be recognized for a maximum of 30,000 kilometers per calendar year. Basic rate of income tax paid at 20%. If you have any questions or comments concerning this Travel Guide, please contact the Governor's Travel Control Board at (217) 782-4705, e-mail Lexi. Every reservation comes with 60 miles included per 24-hour period. In addition, we suggest you provide a mileage allowance to employees in addition to the car allowance, which is reported as an expense. Each year the government reevaluates the scale for tax-free car mileage allowances. If you rent a Zipcar, you can only drive 180 miles in 24 hours. 5 Does AMAP legislation apply to company cars? 10 2 Approved Mileage Allowance Payments in practice and. How Zipar works It’s pretty simple. 303, the POA rate will be 62. For 2023, the IRS has capped the cost of the standard vehicle at $60,800, an increase of $4,500 over last year's cap and almost $10,000 over the 2021 cap. A mileage reimbursement is an expense program that pays you based on how many miles you drive for business each week or month. 5 cents per mile. It's taxed as regular income. Beginning on January 1, 2022, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car (also vans, pickups or panel trucks) will be: 58. Driving with Zipcar has its perks. The percentage it was used for business is 60%. C. For the same travel is one applies the standard mileage rate of $0. After 10,000 miles, the amount drops to 25p. General Services Administration (GSA) is required to prescribe the. From there, travel is at a rate of 25p per mile. If you go over the 60 miles, there's a per-mile charge from just 29p/mile, depending on your vehicle. The term mileage allowance in a car lease refers to the number of miles allowed annually before extra per-mile fees are charged at lease-end. According to the Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC), as of July 2015, in the United States there were 22 roundtrip car-sharing operators in 51 cities, such as Zipcar, with about 1. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. For a one-day. A non-refundable $25. 1 This policy will allow employees to claim reimbursement of reasonable expenses necessarily incurred when travelling on UKRI business and sets the expectations for such claims. Mileage ReimbursementHow much does Zipcar cost? Zipcar membership costs $9 a month or $90 a year. You cannot deduct mileage expenses as a W-2 employee because miscellaneous, unreimbursed employee expenses are no longer tax deductible. Instead, you simply calculate the total mileage for the business journeys and submit it to HMRC. Indeed, different rates apply depending on the number of kilometres travelled. The business use percentage determination, allowance limitations, and the payer's recordkeeping and reporting obligations are addressed in the guidance. Rates and fees vary widely by city, model, day of week and time of day. S. 45p per mile. 20p. Miles after the first 10,000: Cars & vans: 25p/mile. Preferred Hotel Master Group Agreement. Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3. . b. With every plan you can pay by the minute, hour or day. Afterwards, the rate is 25p per mile. 1, 2022 - June 30, 2022 - 58. Watch this video and you’ll be good to go. zcpc Car Carousel. General Services Administration (GSA). 5 cents per mile, up 4 cents from the rate effective at the start of the year. Daily rates also vary on the same factors. Private car mileage of 10 miles each way is allowed to and from the Eugene airport. In addition, it can allow you to control the image that your employees project as they travel. Syracuse. For the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, they are: 72¢ per kilometre for the first 5,000 kilometres driven. 02/- Per KG Per KM. 5 cents per mile driven for business use, up 3 cents from the 2022 midyear increase and 7 cents higher than the initial 2022 rate. Once the odometer goes past 10,000 miles, the rate drops to 25p per mile. Find out more about how leasing a car works by taking a look at our handy guides or check out our latest car leasing special offers. L. In the UK 2023/24 tax year, mileage rates are currently set at 45p per mile for the first 10,000 miles for cars and vans. (max $0. The company will set a rate per mile and you will log your miles for each reporting period. The national guidance for staff on Agenda for Change terms in England is 59 pence per mile for the first 3,500 miles and 24 pence per mile thereafter. For motorcycles, the rate is 24p per mile, and for bicycles, HMRC. Renter must meet Payless standard age, driver and credit requirements. There are 2 methods for deducting these expenses: standard mileage allowance and actual expense method. Only payments specifically. For 2022, the standard mileage rate for the cost of operating your car for business use is 58. 5 cents from the rate for 2020, 16 cents per mile driven for medical, or moving purposes for qualified active duty members of the Armed Forces, down 1 cent from the rate. The optional standard mileage rates for business use of a vehicle will decrease once again in 2021 after increasing significantly in 2019, the IRS announced in Notice 2021-02. Try car-sharing with a range of plans available to suit your needs. Free mileage allowance but geographical/local restrictions may apply. However, with a car allowance, your administrative. This fee is designed to cover the cost of fuel, maintenance, and other expenses associated with operating the vehicle. 1, 2022 - June 30, 2022 - 58. In most cities, hourly Zipcar rental cars start at $9 per hour. With the prices of new vehicles at all-time highs, these cap increases allow businesses to use new business-class autos to derive rates and encourage employees to drive relatively new. For the first 10,000 miles per tax year, cars and vans are eligible for 45p per mile. Most cities require round trips. Please see our 'rates calculator' for the different driving rates on vehicles across the entire Zipcar fleet. Reimbursements above. 6/29/23 Parking Permits; 6/15/21 Citations and Appeals; Print Services. If your vehicle is low on. However, this flat rate cannot be claimed for air travel. The mileage allowance, therefore, applies both if you travel by car and if you take a bicycle or use public transport. Standard Mileage Rate 2020. 14p x 2000 miles = £280. 2. We take care of fuel, insurance, mileage and the Congestion Charge too. Mileage allowance is a popular benefit for employers and employees in the UK. Pay-Per. Motorcycles: 24p. 24p per mile. Before applying, review the below requirements to be considered for membership in. Vehicle must be returned to renting location. Federal Government has recently issued the Notification Revised Rates of Daily Allowance 2023 for Federal Government employees. Mileage rates for Private Cars for 2023. If you're thinking of joining. 18/mile for PCS travel beginning on or after January 1, 2022.